Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37351911›Full record

Observational studyJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine2024

COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region.

Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O'Halloran, Elena Musi and 23 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Arts, literature, and witchcraft: medicine's many personalities.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2024
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.

Girvan BurnsideDeparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
Christopher P CheyneDeparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
Gary LeemingDeparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
Michael HumannDepartment of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
Alistair DarbyDepartment of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
Mark A GreenDepartment of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK.
Alexander CrozierDivision of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Simon MaskellDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
Kay O'HalloranDepartment of Communication and Media, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZG, UK.
Elena MusiDepartment of Communication and Media, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZG, UK.
Elinor CarmiDepartment of Sociology and Criminology, City University, London EC1V 0HB, UK.
Naila KhanDepartment of Primary Care & Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
Debra FisherDepartment of Primary Care & Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
Rhiannon CorcoranDepartment of Primary Care & Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
Jake DunningPandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
W John EdmundsCentre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Kukatharmini TharmaratnamDeparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
David M HughesDeparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
Liora Malki-EpshteinDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Malcolm CookBuilding Energy Research Group, School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
Ben M RobertsBuilding Energy Research Group, School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
Eileen GallagherClinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
Kate HowellClinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
Meera ChandClinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
Robin KempWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Matthew BoulterClinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
Tom FowlerClinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
Malcolm G SempleDepartment of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
Emer CoffeyLiverpool City Council, Liverpool L3 1AH, UK.
Matt AshtonLiverpool City Council, Liverpool L3 1AH, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1959-5094
COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium
Marta García-FiñanaDeparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
Iain E BuchanDepartment of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3392-1650
University of Liverpool · GBUK Health Security Agency · GBLoughborough University · GBQueen Mary University of London · GBUniversity College London · GBCity, University of London · GBLiverpool City Council · GBLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_PC_19027Medical Research Council MR/R024847/1Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission risks, perceived risks and the feasibility of risk mitigations from experimental mass cultural events before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions were lifted.

designProspective, population-wide observational study.

settingFour events (two nightclubs, an outdoor music festival and a business conference) open to Liverpool City Region UK residents, requiring a negative lateral flow test (LFT) within the 36 h before the event, but not requiring social distancing or face-coverings.

participantsA total of 12,256 individuals attending one or more events between 28 April and 2 May 2021.

main outcome measuresSARS-CoV-2 infections detected using audience self-swabbed (5-7 days post-event) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, with viral genomic analysis of cases, plus linked National Health Service COVID-19 testing data. Audience experiences were gathered via questionnaires, focus groups and social media. Indoor CO

resultsA total of 12 PCR-positive cases (likely 4 index, 8 primary or secondary), 10 from the nightclubs. Two further cases had positive LFTs but no PCR. A total of 11,896 (97.1%) participants with scanned tickets were matched to a negative pre-event LFT: 4972 (40.6%) returned a PCR within a week. CO

conclusionsWe observed minor SARS-CoV-2 transmission and low perceived risks around events when prevalence was low and risk mitigations prominent. Partnership between audiences, event organisers and public health services, supported by information systems with real-time linked data, can improve health security for mass cultural events.

Indexed as

COVID-19Carbon DioxideCOVID-19 TestingHumansProspective StudiesSARS-CoV-2State MedicineUnited KingdomCarbon DioxideCOVID-19cultural eventsmass gatheringsrespiratory virus risk mitigationSARS-CoV-2 transmission

Identifiers

PMID37351911
PMCPMC10858718
OpenAlexW4381715205

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.