ArticleBehavior research methods2024
From pre-processing to advanced dynamic modeling of pupil data.
Article in Behavior research methods, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inconclusive evidence that breathing shapes pupil dynamics in humans: a systematic review.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Investigating the Effects of Paralinguistic Configuration in Background Human Speech on Attention: Protocol for a Within-Subject Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Modality-general sensitivity of pupil responses to regularity violations.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- eyeris: A Flexible, Extensible, and Reproducible Pupillometry Preprocessing Framework in R.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Phoneme Monitoring in Developmental Dyslexia: Pupillometric Evidence for Cognitive Rather than Acoustic Origins of Phonological Deficits.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Windows to the goal: Pupillary working memory signatures prospectively adapt to task demands.iScience · 2026Article
- Pulsed taVNS-Elicited Pupil Dilation: Effects of Intermixed Stimulation, Sham Location, and Respiratory Phase.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Linking eye movements, pupil responses, and brain networks in early cognitive decline.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Snip & Stitch: a simple and accessible correction for the pupil foreshortening error.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Bridging cognition and control through passive eye movement integration in motor imagery brain-computer interfaces.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Predictive interception across speed profiles.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Article
- Article
- Pupillary Hippus as a Biomarker: Spectral Signatures and Complexity Approaches in Autonomic and Clinical Contexts.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dimensionality reduction techniques in pupillometry research: A primer for behavioral scientists.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Eye blinks synchronize with musical beats during music listening.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Pupil responses to social stimuli are associated with adaptive behaviors across the first 24 months of life.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- The fundamentals of eye tracking part 2: From research question to operationalization.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Cognitive load and visual attention assessment using physiological eye tracking measures in multimedia learning.PloS one · 2025Article
- Ocular working memory signals are flexible to behavioral priority and subjective imagery strength.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Eye movements track prioritized auditory features in selective attention to natural speech.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The pupil of the eye provides a rich source of information for cognitive scientists, as it can index a variety of bodily states (e.g., arousal, fatigue) and cognitive processes (e.g., attention, decision-making). As pupillometry becomes a more accessible and popular methodology, researchers have proposed a variety of techniques for analyzing pupil data. Here, we focus on time series-based, signal-to-signal approaches that enable one to relate dynamic changes in pupil size over time with dynamic changes in a stimulus time series, continuous behavioral outcome measures, or other participants' pupil traces. We first introduce pupillometry, its neural underpinnings, and the relation between pupil measurements and other oculomotor behaviors (e.g., blinks, saccades), to stress the importance of understanding what is being measured and what can be inferred from changes in pupillary activity. Next, we discuss possible pre-processing steps, and the contexts in which they may be necessary. Finally, we turn to signal-to-signal analytic techniques, including regression-based approaches, dynamic time-warping, phase clustering, detrended fluctuation analysis, and recurrence quantification analysis. Assumptions of these techniques, and examples of the scientific questions each can address, are outlined, with references to key papers and software packages. Additionally, we provide a detailed code tutorial that steps through the key examples and figures in this paper. Ultimately, we contend that the insights gained from pupillometry are constrained by the analysis techniques used, and that signal-to-signal approaches offer a means to generate novel scientific insights by taking into account understudied spectro-temporal relationships between the pupil signal and other signals of interest.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.