ArticlePHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)2023
Article in PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phage therapy: from basic biology to clinical application.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of Novel Straboviridae Bacteriophages Targeting Multidrug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Phage cocktails: state-of-the-art technologies and strategies for effective design.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage resistance evolution in a honey bee pathogen.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Genomic Analysis of 96Viruses · 2025Article
- Directed evolution of bacteriophages: thwarted by prolific prophage.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Viral adaptations to alternative hosts in the honey bee pathogenbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Directed evolution of bacteriophages: impacts of prolific prophage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The enhancement of M13 phage titration by optimizing the origin of replication.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Article
- Appelmans protocol - A directed in vitro evolution enables induction and recombination of prophages with expanded host range.Virus research · 2024Article
- Mathematical comparison of protocols for adapting a bacteriophage to a new host.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- The untapped potential of phage model systems as therapeutic agents.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Bacteriophages are becoming increasingly important in the race to find alternatives to antibiotics. Unfortunately, bacteriophages that might otherwise be useful are sometimes discarded due to low titers making them unsuitable for downstream applications. Methods: Here, we present two distinct approaches used to experimentally evolve novel New Zealand Paenibacillus larvae bacteriophages. The first approach uses the traditional agar-overlay method, whereas the other was a 96-well plate liquid infection protocol that improved phage titers in as little as four days. We also used a mathematical model to probe the parameters and limits of the RAMP-UP approach to rapidly select mutants that improve bacteriophage titers. Results: Both experimental approaches resulted in an increase in plaque-forming units (PFU/mL). The liquid infection approach developed here, which we call RAMP-UP for Rapid Adaptive Mutation of Phage - UP, was significantly faster and simpler, and allowed us to evolve high titer bacteriophages in as little as four days. Titers were increased from 100-100,000-fold relative to their ancestors. The resultant titers were sufficient to extract and sequence DNA from these bacteriophages. An analysis of these phage genomes is provided. Conclusion: The RAMP-UP protocol is an effective method for experimentally evolving previously intractable bacteriophages in a high-throughput and expeditious manner.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.