ArticleNeurology2023
Association of the Presence and Pattern of MRI Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease With Recurrent Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Open access · hybridAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroimaging Markers Associated With Recurrent Stroke in Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Atrial Fibrillation: Secondary Analysis of PRESTIGE-AF.Neurology · 2025Trial
- Disease Progression in Iatrogenic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.Neurology · 2026Article
- DWI-Positive Lesions in Patients With Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Associations With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Clinical Outcome.Neurology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage and associated small vessel disease patterns.European stroke journal · 2026Observational
- Characterisation of patients with intracerebral haemorrhage with mixed location haemorrhages: clinical and imaging features, CSF neurodegeneration markers and recurrence risk.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Balancing Embolic Stroke and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Risk in Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Island Sign on Computed Tomography Is Associated With Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Associations of chronic kidney disease with recurrent stroke in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Personalized Medicine, Public Health and Patient-Centred Aspects in the Prevention of Stroke in Intracerebral Haemorrhage Survivors with Atrial Fibrillation (PRESTIGE-AF) Project.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Aging: Pathophysiology, Clinical Challenges, and Future Directions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ Biomarkers Predict Recurrent Hemorrhage and Identify Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Patients With Lobar Hemorrhage.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Yield of MRI in patients with spontaneous deep intracerebral hemorrhage.Emergency radiology · 2025Article
- Clinical Management of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Location and Timing of Recurrent, Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- Circulating proteomic biomarkers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy screening and risk stratification.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage - radiology and immunohistochemistry in a consecutive surgical series.Brain & spine · 2025Article
- Intracerebral haemorrhage - mechanisms, diagnosis and prospects for treatment and prevention.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- MRI-Based Prediction of Macrovascular Causes of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The MACRO Score.Neurology · 2024Observational
- Article
- Diagnostic accuracy and radiological validation of intracerebral hemorrhage diagnosis in the Swedish Stroke Register (Riksstroke).European journal of neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Simon Fandler-HöflerFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9043-0378
Lena ObergottsbergerFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
Gareth AmblerFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
Sebastian EppingerFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
Gerit WünschFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
Markus KneihslFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
David SeiffgeFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3890-3849
Gargi BanerjeeFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0190-7782
Duncan WilsonFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
Philip NashFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
Hans Rudolf JägerFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
Christian EnzingerFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
David J WerringFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
Thomas GattringerFrom the Department of Neurology (S.F.-H., L.O., S.E., M.K., C.E., T.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Stroke Research Centre (S.F.-H., D.S., G.B., D. Wilson, P.N., D. Werring), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (S.E., M.K., T.G.), Department of Radiology; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (G.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (D.S.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom. thomas.gattringer@medunigraz.at.ORCID 0000-0002-6065-6576
King's College London · GBUniversity of Bern · CH
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesAssessing the risk of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is of high clinical importance. MRI-based cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) markers may help establish ICH etiologic subtypes (including cryptogenic ICH) relevant for recurrence risk.
methodsWe investigated the risk of recurrent ICH in a large cohort of consecutive ICH survivors with available MRI at baseline. Patients with macrovascular, structural, or other identified secondary causes (other than SVD) were excluded. Based on MRI findings, ICH etiology was defined as probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) according to the Boston 2.0 criteria, arteriolosclerosis (nonlobar ICH and additional markers of arteriolosclerosis, absent lobar hemorrhagic lesions), mixed SVD (mixed deep and lobar hemorrhagic changes), or cryptogenic ICH (no MRI markers of SVD). Recurrent ICH was determined using electronic health records and confirmed by neuroimaging. Data from an independent multicenter cohort (CROMIS-2 ICH) were used to confirm core findings.
resultsOf 443 patients with ICH (mean age 67 ± 13 years, 41% female), ICH etiology was mixed SVD in 36.7%, arteriolosclerosis in 23.6%, CAA in 23.0%, and cryptogenic ICH in 16.7%. During a median follow-up period of 5.7 years (interquartile range 2.9-10.0, 2,682 patient-years), recurrent ICH was found in 59 individual patients (13.3%). The highest recurrence rate per 100 person-years was detected in patients with CAA (8.5, 95% CI 6.1-11.7), followed by that in those with mixed SVD (1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9) and arteriolosclerosis (0.6, 95% CI 0.3-1.5). No recurrent ICH occurred in patients with cryptogenic ICH during 510 person-years follow-up (97.5% CI 0-0.7); this finding was confirmed in an independent cohort (CROMIS-2 ICH, n = 216), in which also there was no recurrence in patients with cryptogenic ICH. In patients with CAA, cortical superficial siderosis was the imaging feature strongest related to ICH recurrence (hazard ratio 5.7, 95% CI 2.4-13.6). DISCUSSION: MRI-based etiologic subtypes are helpful in determining the recurrence risk of ICH; while the highest recurrence risk was found in CAA, recurrence risk was low for arteriolosclerosis and negligible for cryptogenic ICH.
Indexed as
ArteriolosclerosisCerebral Amyloid AngiopathyCerebral Small Vessel DiseasesAgedAged, 80 and overCerebral HemorrhageFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle Aged
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.