ArticleNeuron2023
PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint pathway regulates hippocampal neuronal excitability and learning and memory behavior.
Article in Neuron, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential beneficial effects of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of global research on PD-L1/PD-1 pathway and neurodegenerative diseases over the last two decades (2004-2023).Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- The potential of human milk oligosaccharides in ameliorating traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive impairment in mice.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: Mechanism and pharmacological strategies.Pharmacological research · 2026Review
- Targeting glial PD-1/PD-L1 restores microglial homeostasis and reduces neuronal hyperactivity in an Alzheimer's disease model.Science advances · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune interactions: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Microglia prune developing cortical blood vessels through PD-1 signaling.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Astragaloside IV inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting SATB2/Wnt/PD-L1 pathway and enhancing the killing activity of T cells.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2026Article
- Esketamine Suppresses Astrocyte-Driven Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury via the METTL5/c-Myc/PD-L1.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Glycyrrhizic acid-loaded biomimetic hybrid liposomes targeting inflammatory cascades and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to reverse neuroinflammation-driven cognitive decline.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- PD-1, BTLA and TIGIT as therapeutic targets for rheumatic disease.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Pathological neural and immune synapses in glioblastoma progression: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Review
- Role of Neuronal Cholecystokinin Receptor: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Ameliorating Neurological Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Immune, blood-brain barrier, and metabolic biomarkers mediate gut-brain axis crosstalk in alzheimer's disease.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint pathway regulates astrocyte morphogenesis and myelination during brain development.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Arrestin-biased allosteric modulator of neurotensin receptor 1 alleviates acute and chronic pain.Cell · 2025Article
- Recent advances in phototherapy-based nanomedicine of lymphoma.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Correlation study of 5-HT in brain with cognitive function and anxious-like behavior in APP/PS1 transgene mice.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint PD-L1 Modulates Retinal Microglial Activation to Alleviate Vascular Leakage in Choroidal Neovascularization via ERK.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 constitute an immune checkpoint pathway. We report that neuronal PD-1 signaling regulates learning/memory in health and disease. Mice lacking PD-1 (encoded by Pdcd1) exhibit enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory. Intraventricular administration of anti-mouse PD-1 monoclonal antibody (RMP1-14) potentiated learning and memory. Selective deletion of PD-1 in excitatory neurons (but not microglia) also enhances LTP and memory. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impairs learning and memory, which is rescued by Pdcd1 deletion or intraventricular PD-1 blockade. Conversely, re-expression of Pdcd1 in PD-1-deficient hippocampal neurons suppresses memory and LTP. Exogenous PD-L1 suppresses learning/memory in mice and the excitability of mouse and NHP hippocampal neurons through PD-1. Notably, neuronal activation suppresses PD-L1 secretion, and PD-L1/PD-1 signaling is distinctly regulated by learning and TBI. Thus, conditions that reduce PD-L1 levels or PD-1 signaling could promote memory in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.