ArticlePloS one2023
Healthcare costs and outcomes associated with laboratory-confirmed Lyme disease in Ontario, Canada: A population-based cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient roadmap and economic burden of chronic tick-borne illness and post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome in Ireland, and public health issues arising.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Emerging risk of tick-borne diseases in South Korea: Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026Review
- A longitudinal analysis of the economic cost of all phases of TB care in a low incidence setting.IJTLD open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden attributable to laboratory-confirmed Lyme disease (LD) in Ontario, Canada and assess health outcomes associated with LD.
methodWe conducted a cohort study using laboratory-confirmed LD cases accrued between 2006 and 2018. The exposed cohort was matched 1:3 to the unexposed cohort using a combination of hard and propensity score matching. We used phase-of-care costing methods to calculate attributable costs for four phases of illness: pre-diagnosis, acute care, post-acute care, and continuing care in 2018 Canadian dollars. We used ICD-10-CA and OHIP billing codes to identify emergency department visits, physician billings and hospitalizations related to LD sequelae to assess health outcomes.
resultsA total of 2,808 cases were identified with a mean age of 46.5 (20.7) years and 44% female. Within 30-days, 404 (14.3%) cases required an ED visit and 63 (2.4%) cases required hospitalization. The mean (95% CI) total costs for LD cases in pre-diagnosis, acute, and post-acute care phases were $209 ($181, 238), $1,084 ($956, $1,212), and $1,714 ($1,499, $1,927), respectively. The highest mean attributable 10-day cost was $275 ($231, $319) during acute care. At 1-year post-infection, LD increased the relative risk of nerve palsies by 62 (20, 197), and polyneuropathy by 24 (3.0, 190). LD resulted in 16 Lyme meningitis events vs. 0 events in the unexposed.
conclusionIndividuals with laboratory-confirmed LD have increased healthcare resource use pre-diagnosis and up to six months post-diagnosis, and were more likely to seek healthcare services related to LD sequelae.
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Registered trials
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