ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2023
Trends in Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections and Associated Hospitalizations and Deaths Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years - 18 U.S. Jurisdictions, September 2021-December 2022.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence, severity, risk factors and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the Omicron period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Pulmonary Function and Survival 1 Year After Dupilumab Treatment of Acute Moderate to Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Follow-up Study From a Phase 2a Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- COVID-19 primary infection, reinfection, and its associated clinical presentations.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: An observational study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Multi-dimensional factors of behavioral intention of COVID-19 booster vaccination among people having contracted COVID-19-a 7-city study conducted during the last national major outbreak in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Leveraging Multiple Administrative Data Sources to Reduce Missing Race and Ethnicity Data: A Descriptive Epidemiology Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 Case Relative Rates.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The impact of Omicron infection on antibody response and attenuation: a six-month follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Optimal pandemic control strategies and cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions in the United States.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on bispecific antibody treatment in patients with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Kidney Involvement in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Peritoneal Dialysis as the Preferred Modality.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections Using Nucleocapsid Antibody Boosting.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptoms by Immunity Status and Predominant-Variant Period Among US Blood Donors.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Self-Reported SARS-CoV-2 Infections among National Blood Donor Cohort, United States, 2020-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Reinfections in the City of São Paulo, Brazil: Prevalence and Socioeconomic Factors.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Health and Economic Impact of COVID-19 Surveillance Testing in Seattle Homeless Shelters: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Characteristics and Prevalence of Sequelae after COVID-19: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Perceived social support and self-stigma as factors of COVID-19 booster vaccination behavior and intention via cognitive coping and emotion regulation among people infected with COVID-19 in Hong Kong.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Distinct characteristics of T cell receptor repertoire associated with the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
55 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although reinfections with SARS-CoV-2 have occurred in the United States with increasing frequency, U.S. epidemiologic trends in reinfections and associated severe outcomes have not been characterized. Weekly counts of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, total infections, and associated hospitalizations and deaths reported by 18 U.S. jurisdictions during September 5, 2021-December 31, 2022, were analyzed overall, by age group, and by five periods of SARS-CoV-2 variant predominance (Delta and Omicron [BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BQ.1/BQ.1.1]). Among reported reinfections, weekly trends in the median intervals between infections and frequencies of predominant variants during previous infections were calculated. As a percentage of all infections, reinfections increased substantially from the Delta (2.7%) to the Omicron BQ.1/BQ.1.1 (28.8%) periods; during the same periods, increases in the percentages of reinfections among COVID-19-associated hospitalizations (from 1.9% [Delta] to 17.0% [Omicron BQ.1/BQ.1.1]) and deaths (from 1.2% [Delta] to 12.3% [Omicron BQ.1/BQ.1.1]) were also substantial. Percentages of all COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths that were reinfections were consistently higher across variant periods among adults aged 18-49 years compared with those among adults aged ≥50 years. The median interval between infections ranged from 269 to 411 days by week, with a steep decline at the start of the BA.4/BA.5 period, when >50% of reinfections occurred among persons previously infected during the Alpha variant period or later. To prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes, including those following reinfection, CDC recommends staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccination and receiving timely antiviral treatments, when eligible.
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