ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2023
Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs underlie West Nile virus encephalitis in ∼40% of patients.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06510426 (Early Interferon-beta Treatment for West-Nile Virus Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
30.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Interferon-beta Treatment for West-Nile Virus Infection
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Anti-interferon Auto-antibodies in Infectious Diseases.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammatory Response Associated with West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
- High prevalence of autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in Japanese patients with hepatitis C.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Prevalence of neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferon in dengue patients.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Decreasing the Burden of West Nile Virus Disease: The Need for More Prevention Measures.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons underlie a third of cases of Chikungunya virus encephalitis or myelitis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- High risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in myasthenia gravis patients with type I IFN autoantibodies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies against type I interferons in patients with zoonotic H7N9 influenza: an observational case-control study.EBioMedicine · 2026Observational
- Brain endothelial cells orchestrate a neuroprotective antiviral state in the CNS in response to peripheral viral pattern sensing.Immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- Affinity-matured B cell responses neutralizing type-I interferons underlie severe viral infections.Cell · 2026Article
- ISG15 negatively regulates RIPK3-mediated cell death and viral pathogenesis.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in 40% of patients with WNV encephalitis in seven new cohorts.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Toward a monogenic architecture of human infections: From 1996 to 2026.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- RNA-binding proteins Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 protect against premature thymic involution.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Transfer of IgG from long COVID patients induces symptomology in mice.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Human antibodies against West Nile and related orthoflaviviruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- High risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in myasthenia gravis patients with type I IFN autoantibodies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type 1 interferons in two cohorts of people with HIV.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
62 authors at 19 institutions in 6 countries.
Adrian Gervais *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-1083-5787
Francesca Rovida *Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2345-2790
Maria Antonietta Avanzini *Laboratory of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6056-9018
Stefania Croce *UOSD Cell Factory, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9176-4257
Astrid Marchal *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0003-0648-8126
Shih-Ching Lin *Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2960-5348
Alessandro Ferrari *Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2397-7079
Christian W ThorballPrecision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6869-6943
Orianne ConstantPathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS , Montpellier, France.ORCID 0000-0003-4141-5563
Tom Le VoyerLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-7253-3135
Quentin PhilippotLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0003-3429-9605
Jérémie RosainLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-2822-161X
Micol AngeliniNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7255-4115
Malena Pérez LorenzoLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-7933-5211
Lucy BizienLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0001-9163-9122
Cristian AchilleNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4528-7079
Francesca TrespidiNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-7206-6796
Elisa BurdinoLaboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, ASL Città di Torino , Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4324-8412
Irene CassanitiMicrobiology and Virology Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3385-2088
Daniele LilleriMicrobiology and Virology Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7747-7622
Chiara FornaraMicrobiology and Virology Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8589-2647
José Camilla SammartinoMicrobiology and Virology Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3707-3118
Danilo CeredaDirezione Generale Welfare , Lombardy, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5945-5710
Chiara MarrocuDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7543-9662
Antonio PirallaMicrobiology and Virology Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6062-2579
Chiara ValsecchiLaboratory of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6103-2880
Stefano RicagnoDepartment of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6678-5873
Paola CogoDepartment of Medicine (DAME), Division of Pediatrics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6235-140X
Olaf NethInborn Errors of Immunity Laboratory, Biomedicine Institute in Seville (IBiS), University of Seville/CSIC, "Red de Investigación Translacional en Infectología Pediátrica" , Seville, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5018-0466
Inés Marín-CruzPaediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital , Seville, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5106-4085
Monia PacentiMicrobiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital , Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9792-9195
Alessandro SinigagliaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2386-1757
Marta TrevisanDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3148-7240
Andrea VolpeDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID 0009-0009-2711-9638
Antonio MarzolloPediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padova University Hospital , Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2177-8500
Francesca ContiPediatric Unit, University Hospital of Bologna , Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3665-8926
Tiziana LazzarottoMicrobiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3093-363X
Andrea PessionPediatric Unit, University Hospital of Bologna , Bologna, Italy.
Pierluigi VialeInfectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Bologna , Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1264-0008
Jacques FellayPrecision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8240-939X
Stefano GhirardelloNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0621-155X
Mélodie AubartLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-4383-7930
Valeria GhisettiLaboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, ASL Città di Torino , Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7808-190X
Alessandro AiutiPediatric Immunohematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5398-1717
Emmanuelle JouanguyLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-7358-9157
Paul BastardLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-5926-8437
Elena PercivalleMicrobiology and Virology Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital , Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3355-1410
Fausto BaldantiDepartment of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3358-8969
Anne PuelLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0003-2603-0323
Margaret R MacDonald *Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5177-2068
Charles M Rice *Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3087-8079
Giada Rossini *Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Kristy O Murray *Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6921-3413
Yannick Simonin *Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS , Montpellier, France.ORCID 0000-0002-3475-1369
Anna Nagy *National Reference Laboratory for Viral Zoonoses, National Public Health Center , Budapest, Hungary.
Luisa Barzon *Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital , Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0720-8456
Laurent Abel *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0001-7016-6493
Michael S Diamond *Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6646-6781
Aurélie Cobat *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0001-7209-6257
Shen-Ying Zhang *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-9449-3672
Jean-Laurent Casanova *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children , Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-7782-4169
Alessandro Borghesi *School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8773-9144
Inserm · FRPoliclinico San Matteo Fondazione · ITUniversity of Padua · ITUniversity of Pavia · ITUniversity of Bologna · ITAzienda USL di Bologna · ITBipar · FRÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne · CHHôpital Necker-Enfants Malades · FROspedale Amedeo di Savoia · ITRockefeller University · USUniversity of Milan · ITBaylor College of Medicine · USHospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío · ESInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · ESMinistero della Salute · ITNational Center for Epidemiology · HUUniversity of Udine · ITVita-Salute San Raffaele University · IT
Funding
Systems investigation of vaccine responses in B cell depleted autoimmune patientsU19AI089992 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Albert C Shaw · 2010 to 2026
$50.4MDeveloping, Demonstrating, and Disseminating Innovative Programs to Achieve Translational SuccessUL1TR001866 · NCATS · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI COLLER, BARRY, KRUEGER, JAMES G · 2016 to 2025
$40.6MAntibody-based Protection against FlavivirsesR01AI073755 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DIAMOND, MICHAEL S, FREMONT, DAVED H. · 2007 to 2022
$11.4MMonogenic basis of resistance to SARS-CoV2 and predisposition to severe COVID-19R01AI088364 · NIAID · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jean-Laurent Casanova, Shen-Ying Zhang · 2010 to 2026
$8.7MUnraveling yellow fever 17D vaccine attenuation: The role of type I interferon and innate immunityR01AI124690 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI Charles M Rice · 2016 to 2026
$8.3MType I interferon-stimulated genes and the antiviral immune responseR01AI091707 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI RICE, CHARLES M · 2011 to 2020
$5.5MGenome-wide search for inborn errors of IL-17 immunity underlying chronic mucocutaneous candidiasisR01AI127564 · NIAID · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jean-Laurent Casanova · 2017 to 2026
$4.8MInborn errors of immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19R01AI163029 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI CASANOVA, JEAN-LAURENT, ZHANG, QIAN · 2021 to 2025
$3.7MSystemic Neurotropic virus infection effects on GI DysmotilityR01DK122790 · NIDDK · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI DIAMOND, MICHAEL S, HANDLEY, SCOTT A. · 2020 to 2023
$2.7MRenal And Neurological Outcomes In Chronically Infected West Nile Virus PatientsR01AI091816 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI MURRAY, KRISTY · 2011 to 2014
$1.5MSingle gene inborn errors of immunity underlying SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a new approach to tackle a seemingly old puzzleR21AI160576 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI ZHANG, SHEN-YING · 2022 to 2023
$466kHoward Hughes Medical InstituteNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001866NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI073755NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI088364NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI091707NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI091816NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI124690NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI127564NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI163029NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI160576NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI089992NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK122790NIH HHS R01AI088364
Abstract
Mosquito-borne West Nile virus (WNV) infection is benign in most individuals but can cause encephalitis in <1% of infected individuals. We show that ∼35% of patients hospitalized for WNV disease (WNVD) in six independent cohorts from the EU and USA carry auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α and/or -ω. The prevalence of these antibodies is highest in patients with encephalitis (∼40%), and that in individuals with silent WNV infection is as low as that in the general population. The odds ratios for WNVD in individuals with these auto-Abs relative to those without them in the general population range from 19.0 (95% CI 15.0-24.0, P value <10-15) for auto-Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml IFN-α and/or IFN-ω to 127.4 (CI 87.1-186.4, P value <10-15) for auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-α and IFN-ω at a concentration of 10 ng/ml. These antibodies block the protective effect of IFN-α in Vero cells infected with WNV in vitro. Auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α and/or IFN-ω underlie ∼40% of cases of WNV encephalitis.
Indexed as
Interferon Type IWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusAnimalsAntibodies, ViralAutoantibodiesChlorocebus aethiopsHumansInterferon-alphaVero CellsAntibodies, ViralAutoantibodiesInterferon-alphaInterferon Type I
Identifiers
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT06510426ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.