ArticleInternational journal of bipolar disorders2023
Exploratory study of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and age of onset of bipolar disorder.
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162 authors at 20 institutions in 39 countries.
Michael BauerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. michael.bauer@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
Tasha GlennChronoRecord Association, Fullerton, CA, USA.
Eric D AchtyesDivision of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Martin AldaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Esen AgaogluDepartment of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Kürsat AltınbaşDepartment of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Mazhar Osman Mood Center, Konya, Turkey.
Ole A AndreassenNORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Elias AngelopoulosDepartment of Psychiatry, National and Capodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Raffaella ArdauSection of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.
Memduha AydinDepartment of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
Yavuz AyhanDepartment of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Christopher BaethgeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany.
Rita BauerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Bernhard T BauneDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Ceylan BalabanDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Am Main, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
Claudia Becerra-PalarsNational Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico.
Aniruddh P BehereDepartment of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Prakash B BehereDepartment of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, India.
Habte BeleteDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Tilahun BeleteDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Gabriel Okawa BelizarioBipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
Frank BellivierDépartement de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1144, Université Paris Cité, Fondation FondaMental, Paris, France.
Robert H BelmakerDivision of Psychiatry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Francesco BenedettiUniversity Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Michael BerkIMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Yuly BersudskyDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Şule BicakciDepartment of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Harriet Birabwa-OketchoButabika Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
Thomas D BjellaNORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Conan BradyDepartment of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Jorge CabreraMood Disorders Clinic, Dr. Jose Horwitz Psychiatric Institute, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Marco CappucciatiDepartment of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Piacenza, Italy.
Angela Marianne Paredes CastroIMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Wei-Ling ChenDepartment of Psychiatry, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
Eric Y W CheungPrivate Practice, Central, Hong Kong, China.
Silvia ChiesaDepartment of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Piacenza, Italy.
Marie CroweDepartment of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Alessandro CuomoDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy.
Sara DallaspeziaPsychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Maria Del ZompoSection of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.
Pratikkumar DesaiDivision of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Seetal DoddIMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Bruno EtainDépartement de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1144, Université Paris Cité, Fondation FondaMental, Paris, France.
Andrea FagioliniDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy.
Frederike T FellendorfDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
Ewa Ferensztajn-RochowiakDepartment of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Jess G FiedorowiczDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Kostas N Fountoulakis3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Mark A FryeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Pierre A GeoffroyDépartement de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat, Claude Bernard, 75018, Paris, France.
Michael J GitlinDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Ana Gonzalez-PintoBIOARABA, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alava, University of the Basque Country, CIBERSAM, Vitoria, Spain.
John F GottliebDepartment of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Paul GrofMood Disorders Center of Ottawa and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Bartholomeus C M HaarmanDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Hirohiko HarimaDepartment of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
Mathias Hasse-SousaDepartment of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Chantal HenryDepartment of Psychiatry, GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, Université de Paris, F-75014, F-75006, Paris, France.
Lone HoffdingDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Josselin HouenouUniversité Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, APHP, Mondor Univ Hospitals, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010, Créteil, France.
Massimiliano ImbesiDepartment of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Piacenza, Italy.
Erkki T IsometsäDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Maja IvkovicClinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Sven JannoDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Simon JohnsenUnit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Flávio KapczinskiDepartment of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Gregory N Karakatsoulis3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Mathias KardellDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Lars Vedel KessingCopenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Seong Jae KimDepartment of Psychiatry, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Barbara KönigBIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.
Timur L KotKhanty-Mansiysk Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia.
Michael KovalNeuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Mauricio KunzDepartment of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Beny LaferBipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mikael LandénDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Erik R LarsenMental Health Department Odense, University Clinic and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark.
Melanie LengerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
Rasmus W LichtPsychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Carlos Lopez-JaramilloMood Disorders Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Alan MacKenzieForensic Psychiatry, University of Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK.
Helle Østergaard MadsenPsychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Simone Alberte Kongstad A MadsenUnit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Jayant MahadevanDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
Agustine MahardikaDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia.
Mirko ManchiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Wendy MarshDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Monica Martinez-CengotitabengoaOsakidetza, Basque Health Service, BioAraba Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
Julia MartiniDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Klaus MartinyPsychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Yuki MashimaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Declan M McLoughlinDepartment of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Ybe MeestersDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ingrid MelleNORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Fátima Meza-UrzúaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Und Psychotherapy, SHG Klinikum, Idar-Oberstein, Germany.
Pavol MikolasDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Yee Ming MokDepartment of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore City, Singapore.
Scott MonteithMichigan State University College of Human Medicine, Traverse City Campus, Traverse City, MI, USA.
Muthukumaran MoorthyDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
Gunnar MorkenDepartment of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
Enrica MoscaSection of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.
Anton A MozzhegorovSoviet Psychoneurological Hospital, Urai, Russia.
Rodrigo MunozDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Starlin V MythriMakunda Christian Leprosy and General Hospital, Bazaricherra, Assam, 788727, India.
Fethi NacefRazi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Ravi K NadellaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
Takako NakanotaniTokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, 2-34-10 Ebisu, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, 150-0013, Japan.
René Ernst NielsenPsychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Claire O'DonovanDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Adel OmraniTunisian Bipolar Forum, Érable Médical Cabinet 324, Lac 2, Tunis, Tunisia.
Yamima OsherDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Uta OualiRazi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Maja Pantovic-StefanovicClinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Pornjira PariwatcharakulDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Joanne PetiteDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Johannes PetzoldDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Andrea PfennigDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Yolanda Pica RuizHospital "Ángeles del Pedregal", Mexico City, Mexico.
Marco PinnaSection of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Maurizio PompiliDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Richard J PorterDepartment of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Danilo QuirozDeparment of Psychiatry, Diego Portales University, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-PonteSchool of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK.
Raj RamesarSA MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular, Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Natalie RasgonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Woraphat Ratta-AphaDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Michaela RatzenhoferDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
Maria RedahanDepartment of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
M S ReddyAsha Bipolar Clinic, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Andreas ReifDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Am Main, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
Eva Z ReininghausDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
Jenny Gringer RichardsDepartments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Philipp RitterDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Janusz K RybakowskiDepartment of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Leela SathyaputriDepartments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Angela M ScippaDepartment of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Christian SimhandlBipolar Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Sigmund Freud Privat Universität, Vienna, Austria.
Daniel SmithCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
José SmithAREA, Assistance and Research in Affective Disorders, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Paul W StackhouseScience Directorate/Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.
Dan J SteinDepartment of Psychiatry, MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Kellen StilwellDivision of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Sergio StrejilevichAREA, Assistance and Research in Affective Disorders, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Kuan-Pin SuCollege of Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung, Taiwan.
Mythily SubramaniamResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
Ahmad Hatim SulaimanDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Kirsi SuominenDepartment of Social Services and Health Care, Psychiatry, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Andi J TanraDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Yoshitaka TatebayashiTokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, 2-34-10 Ebisu, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, 150-0013, Japan.
Wen Lin TehResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
Leonardo TondoMcLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Carla TorrentClinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Daniel TuinstraDivision of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Takahito UchidaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Arne E VaalerDepartment of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
Eduard VietaClinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Biju ViswanathDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
Maria Yoldi-NegreteSubdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City, Mexico.
Oguz Kaan YalcinkayaDepartment of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Allan H YoungDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Yosra ZguebRazi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Peter C WhybrowDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus · DEAalborg University Hospital · DKDalhousie University · CAMedical University of Graz · ATNational Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences · INPine Rest Christian Mental Health Services · USUniversity of Cagliari · ITBarwon Health · AUBen-Gurion University of the Negev · ILHacettepe University · TRInserm · FRInstitute of Mental Health · SGMichigan State University · USOslo University Hospital · NOOspedaliera di Piacenza · ITTrinity College Dublin · IETunis El Manar University · TNUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul · BRAristotle University of Thessaloniki · GRBahir Dar University · ET
Funding
DBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance IA/CPHI/20/1/505266
Abstract
backgroundSunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investigated the association between the age of onset of bipolar I disorder and the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production in a large global sample.
methodsData for 6972 patients with bipolar I disorder were obtained at 75 collection sites in 41 countries in both hemispheres. The best model to assess the relation between the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production and age of onset included 1 or more months below the threshold, family history of mood disorders, and birth cohort. All coefficients estimated at P ≤ 0.001.
resultsThe 6972 patients had an onset in 582 locations in 70 countries, with a mean age of onset of 25.6 years. Of the onset locations, 34.0% had at least 1 month below the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production. The age of onset at locations with 1 or more months of less than or equal to the threshold for UVB was 1.66 years younger.
conclusionUVB and vitamin D may have an important influence on the development of bipolar disorder. Study limitations included a lack of data on patient vitamin D levels, lifestyles, or supplement use. More study of the impacts of UVB and vitamin D in bipolar disorder is needed to evaluate this supposition.
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