ArticlePNAS nexus2023
Hazardous air pollutant emissions estimates from wildfires in the wildland urban interface.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Climate-amplified wildland-urban interface disasters create persistent internal metal mixtures associated with pulmonary impairment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Urinary biomarkers of PAHs, VOCs, OPEs, and metal(loid)s in firefighters responding in the wildland urban interface (WUI).International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Wildfire Smoke and Human Health: A Global Perspective on Respiratory Risks and Emerging Interventions.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Wildfire-Sourced PM2.5 and Emergency Department Visits for Migraine and Other Primary Headache.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Chemical complexity and enrichment in wildland-urban interface fire emissions: A case study of particulate matter, gas-phase pollutants, and ash from the 2025 Los Angeles fires.Journal of hazardous materials · 2026Article
- Assessing the Evidence for Differential Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke Across Fires and Populations: A Critical Review of Recent Studies.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Wildland fire smoke, severe maternal morbidity, and health equity: A population-based cohort study in California.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- Quantifying the wildfire contribution to PAH concentrations and health effects.Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site] · 2026Article
- Wildfire smoke exposure and persistent respiratory symptoms and illness: a retrospective cohort study.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Wildland-Urban Interface Fires: Toxic Physicochemical Properties of Emitted Particulate Matter and Impacts on Lung Macrophages.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Spectroscopic investigation of the effects of simulated open waste burning on the functional and surface chemistry of commercial polystyrene.Environmental science. Advances · 2026Article
- Wildfire smoke-related PMEnvironment international · 2026Article
- Laboratory Analysis of VOC Emissions from Structural Materials in Wildland-Urban Interface Fires.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Organic Pollutants and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2026Article
- Time Scales of Gaseous Smoke Contamination Indoors from Real and Simulated Wildland-Urban Interface Fires.ACS ES&T air · 2026Article
- Post-Wildfire Indoor Pollution in WUI Areas following the 2025 Los Angeles Fires. Part I. Establishing Baseline Contaminant Levels Prior to Home Reoccupation.ACS ES&T air · 2026Article
- Calibration-free benzene sensor for fire environments based on interband cascade laser absorption spectroscopy near 5Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics · 2026Article
- Wildland-urban interface co-combustion of biomass, synthetic polymeric materials, and lithium-ion batteries generates a new class of ultrafine soot-metal-PAH hybrid particles.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Emissions from burned structures in wildfires as significant yet unaccounted sources of US air pollution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Burning "ExposHome": Deriving a Mixture of Combustible Materials in American Homes at the Wildland-Urban Interface for Health Studies.GeoHealth · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fires that occur in the wildland urban interface (WUI) often burn structures, vehicles, and their contents in addition to biomass in the natural landscape. Because these fires burn near population centers, their emissions may have a sizeable impact on public health, necessitating a better understanding of criteria and hazardous air pollutants emitted from these fires and how they differ from wildland fires. Previous studies on the toxicity of emissions from the combustion of building materials and vehicles have shown that urban fires may emit numerous toxic species such as hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, isocyanates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins and furans, and a range of toxic organic compounds (e.g. benzene toluene, xylenes, styrene, and formaldehyde) and metals (e.g. lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic). We surveyed the literature to create a compendium of emission factors for species emitted from the combustion of building and vehicle materials and compared them with those from wildland fires. Emission factors for some toxic species like PAH and some organic compounds were several orders of magnitude greater than those from wildfires. We used this emission factor compendium to calculate a bounding estimate of the emissions from several notable WUI fires in the western United States to show that urban fuels may contribute a sizeable portion of the toxic emissions into the atmosphere. However, large gaps remain in our understanding of the fuel composition, fuel consumption, and combustion conditions in WUI fires that constrain our ability to estimate the impact of WUI fires.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.