ArticleTuberculosis and respiratory diseases2023
Immune Regulatory Function of Cancer- Associated Fibroblasts in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
Article in Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- CTGF: The remodeler of the tumor immune microenvironment (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer: A paradigm shift from characterization to dynamic management (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Multi-omics analysis identifies a major histocompatibility complex class II-associated antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblast-like state linked to the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-karyopherin subunit beta 1 axis in nonsmall cell lung cancer.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2026Article
- Deciphering the CAF‑LCN2 axis: Key to overcoming anti‑PD‑L1 immunotherapy resistance in lung cancer.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 in lung cancer and the tumor microenvironment: a testable hypothesis for malignant pleural effusion formation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lipolysis gone rogue: the HSL connection in feeding cancer.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Review
- SII and lung cancer in middle-aged and elderly population: the nonlinear connection and the mediating role of ABSI.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Identification ofCancers · 2025Article
- Article
- The role of the tumour microenvironment in lung cancer and its therapeutic implications.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as the "Architect" of the Lung Cancer Immune Microenvironment: Multidimensional Roles and Synergistic Regulation with Radiotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Fibroblast-immune crosstalk in oral squamous cell carcinoma: from tumor promotion to immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Clinical Significance of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Classification in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cells · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment and significantly contribute to immune evasion. We investigated the effects of CAFs on the immune function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
methodsWe isolated CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) from tumors and normal lung tissues of NSCLC patients, respectively. CAFs were co-cultured with activated T cells to evaluate their immune regulatory function. We investigated the effect of CAF conditioned medium (CAF-CM) on the cytotoxicity of T cells. CAFs were also co-cultured with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and further incubated with cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX2) inhibitors to investigate the potential role of COX2 in immune evasion.
resultsCAFs and NFs were isolated from the lung tissues (n=8) and lymph nodes (n=3) of NSCLC patients. Immune suppressive markers, such as COX2 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), were increased in CAFs after co-culture with activated T cells. Interestingly, CAFs promoted the expression of programmed death-1 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and strongly inhibited T cell proliferation in allogenic and autologous pairs of CAFs and T cells. CAF-CM decreased the cytotoxicity of T cells. COX2 inhibitors partially restored the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and downregulated the expression of COX2, prostaglandin E synthase, prostaglandin E2, and PD-L1 in CAFs.
conclusionCAFs promote immune evasion by suppressing the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells via their effects on COX2 and PD-L1 in NSCLC. The immunosuppressive function of CAFs could be alleviated by COX2 inhibitors.
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