ArticleEuropean journal of pain (London, England)2023
Where does it hurt? Small area estimates and inequality in the prevalence of chronic pain.
Article in European journal of pain (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Who Gets Referred for What? Large Scale Analysis of Clinical, Socioeconomic and Demographic Drivers Within Electronic Optometry Referrals.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Your voice matters: using participatory film to engage people with chronic pain in public involvement and research.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- Relation between socio-economic deprivation and chronic pain-related burden: a cross-sectional evaluation in a secondary care pain rehabilitation clinic.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Geographic Variations, and Determinants of Pain Among Older Adults in China: Findings from the National Urban and Rural Elderly Population (UREP) Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Graded chronic noncancer pain distribution using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Revised framework: a cross-sectional study.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Sequence Analysis to Phenotype Health Care Patterns in Adults With Musculoskeletal Conditions Using Primary Care Electronic Health Records.Arthritis care & research · 2025Article
- Estimating the Cost and Carbon Output of Musculoskeletal Primary Care Management Decisions: A Retrospective Analysis of Electronic Health Records.The International journal of health planning and management · 2025Article
- Local variation in musculoskeletal pain consultation rates in primary care: findings from an ecologic study in Staffordshire.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- An application of matching algorithms to generalize small-area estimates of chronic pain prevalence to neighbourhoods across England.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Where does it hurt? Small area estimates and inequality in the prevalence of chronic pain.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic pain affects up to half of UK adults, impacting quality of life and demand on local health services. Whilst local health planning is currently based on subnational prevalence estimates, associations between pain and sociodemographic characteristics suggest that inequalities in the prevalence of chronic and high-impact chronic pain between neighbourhoods within local authorities are likely. We aimed to derive lower super output area (LSOA) estimates of the prevalence of chronic and high-impact chronic pain.
methodsPresence of self-reported chronic and high-impact chronic pain were measured in adults aged 35+ in North Staffordshire and modelled using multilevel regression as a function of demographic and geographic predictors. Multilevel model predictions were post-stratified using the North Staffordshire age-sex population structure and LSOA demographic characteristics to estimate the prevalence of chronic and high-impact chronic pain in 298 LSOAs, corrected for ethnic diversity underrepresented in the data. Confidence intervals were generated for high-impact chronic pain using bootstrapping.
resultsData were analysed from 4162 survey respondents (2358 women, 1804 men). The estimated prevalence of chronic and high-impact chronic pain in North Staffordshire LSOAs ranged from 18.6% to 50.1% and 6.18 [1.71, 16.0]% to 33.09 [13.3, 44.7]%, respectively.
conclusionsPrevalence of chronic and high-impact chronic pain in adults aged 35+ varies substantially between neighbourhoods within local authorities. Further insight into small-area level variation will help target resources to improve the management and prevention of chronic and high-impact chronic pain to reduce the impact on individuals, communities, workplaces, services and the economy. SIGNIFICANCE: Post-stratified multilevel model predictions can produce small-area estimates of pain prevalence and impact. The evidence of substantial variation indicates a need to collect local-level data on pain and its impact to understand health needs and to guide interventions.
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