Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37344533›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2023

Explainable AI via learning to optimize.

Howard Heaton, Samy Wu Fung

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Explainable AI: learning from the learners.Nature communications · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Howard HeatonTypal Academy, Richland, USA. research@typal.academy.
Samy Wu FungDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, USA. swufung@mines.edu.

Funding

United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (ONR) N00014-18-1-2527United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (ONR) N00014-20-1-2093United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (ONR) N00014-20-1-2787United States Department of Defense | U.S. Air Force (United States Air Force) A9550-18-1-0502
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Indecipherable black boxes are common in machine learning (ML), but applications increasingly require explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). The core of XAI is to establish transparent and interpretable data-driven algorithms. This work provides concrete tools for XAI in situations where prior knowledge must be encoded and untrustworthy inferences flagged. We use the "learn to optimize" (L2O) methodology wherein each inference solves a data-driven optimization problem. Our L2O models are straightforward to implement, directly encode prior knowledge, and yield theoretical guarantees (e.g. satisfaction of constraints). We also propose use of interpretable certificates to verify whether model inferences are trustworthy. Numerical examples are provided in the applications of dictionary-based signal recovery, CT imaging, and arbitrage trading of cryptoassets. Code and additional documentation can be found at https://xai-l2o.research.typal.academy .

Identifiers

PMID37344533
PMCPMC10284861

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.