ArticleNPJ science of learning2023
A better alignment between chronotype and school timing is associated with lower grade retention in adolescents.
Article in NPJ science of learning, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Social jetlag and academic performance in adolescents: insights from a region with structural circadian misalignment.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Associations between chronotype, physical activity and cognition in a free-living setting.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Chronotype-specific associations of sleep-wake schedule with behavioral, physiological, and psychological parameters.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- The interplay between ADHD and school shift on educational outcomes in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Night Owls and Early Birds: The Role of Adolescents' Chronotype on Educational Identity Trajectories.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2025Article
- Sleep duration and subject-specific academic performance among adolescents in China.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Chronotype's effect on academic achievement and absence from classrooms and clinical sessions among clinical phase medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Comparison of chronotype and learning motivation in medical university students.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Kairos study protocol: a multidisciplinary approach to the study of school timing and its effects on health, well-being and students' performance.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schools start early in the morning all over the world, contrasting with adolescents' late chronotype. Interestingly, lower academic performance (i.e. grades or qualifications) was associated with later chronotypes. However, it is unclear whether it is a direct effect of chronotype or because students attend school too early to perform at their best. Moreover, little is known about how this affects students' academic success beyond their grades. To address this gap in knowledge, we studied how school timing and chronotype affect grade retention (i.e. repeat a year) in a unique sample of students randomly assigned to one of three different school timings (starting at 07:45, 12:40, or 17:20). Even when controlling for academic performance, we found that later chronotypes exhibit higher odds of grade retention only in the morning, but not in later school timings. Altogether, ensuring a better alignment between school timing and students' biological rhythms might enhance future opportunities of adolescents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.