ArticlePloS one2023
Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microbiota at the time of initial surgical intervention for children with hydrocephalus.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiota and mycobiota in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: clinical and pathophysiological correlations.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid microbiome revisited: no evidence of resident bacteria in archived samples.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- The microbiome exists in the neuroretina and choroid in normal conditions and responds rapidly to retinal injury.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A search for bacteria identified from cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections in previous surgical events.PloS one · 2024Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo characterize the microbiota of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with hydrocephalus at the time of initial surgical intervention. STUDY
designCSF was obtained at initial surgical intervention. One aliquot was stored in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol (STGG) medium and the second was unprocessed; both were then stored at -70°C. Bacterial growth for CSF samples stored in STGG were subsequently characterized using aerobic and anaerobic culture on blood agar and MALDI-TOF sequencing. All unprocessed CSF samples underwent 16S quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) sequencing, and a subset underwent standard clinical microbiological culture. CSF with culture growth (either after storage in STGG or standard clinical) were further analyzed using whole-genome amplification sequencing (WGAS).
results11/66 (17%) samples stored in STGG and 1/36 (3%) that underwent standard clinical microbiological culture demonstrated bacterial growth. Of the organisms present, 8 were common skin flora and 4 were potential pathogens; only 1 was also qPCR positive. WGAS findings and STGG culture findings were concordant for only 1 sample, identifying Staphylococcus epidermidis. No significant difference in time to second surgical intervention was observed between the STGG culture-positive and negative groups. CONCLUSION(S): Using high sensitivity methods, we detected the presence of bacteria in a subset of CSF samples at the time of first surgery. Therefore, the true presence of bacteria in CSF of children with hydrocephalus cannot be ruled out, though our findings may suggest these bacteria are contaminants or false positives of the detection methods. Regardless of origin, the detection of microbiota in the CSF of these children may not have any clinical significance.
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