ReviewDrug safety2023
Cardiovascular Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Guide for Clinicians.
Review in Drug safety, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of Case Reports.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of high-dose steroids versus low-dose steroids in the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: a case series and systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicity: Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, and Clinical Impact.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Progressive Conduction Disease on Serial ECGs Revealing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis and Myositis.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibition and heart injury: molecular mechanisms and clinical challenges.ESC heart failure · 2026Review
- Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity is associated with dysfunctional metabolism, muscle wasting and autophagy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Early lymphocyte recovery predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myotoxicity in lung cancer: a decade-long real-world pharmacovigilance analysis of the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Discovery of plasma metabolomic biomarkers and a predictive model for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: a pilot case-control study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Guarding the heart in the era of immunotherapies: insights for cardio-oncology practice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cardiovascular toxicity: immunology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Review
- The Impact of Immune-Related Adverse Events on the Survival of Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: The Distinct Role of Cardiac Toxicities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Adverse Events.ESC heart failure · 2025Review
- Unmasking the Rare but Lethal Cardiac Complications of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Review of Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- New onset of hypertension associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer patients.Immunotherapy · 2025Article
- Microbiota-indole-3-propionic acid-heart axis mediates the protection of leflunomide against αPD1-induced cardiotoxicity in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Advancements in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Sarcomas: A Comprehensive Review.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular adverse effects of immunotherapy in cancer: insights and implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Reporting of late-onset immune-related adverse events with immune checkpoint inhibitors in VigiBase.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment and care of patients with cancer owing to unique features, including the occurrence of the so-called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). A multidisciplinary team, possibly including a cardio-oncology specialist, is warranted to achieve a favorable patient outcome. Cardiovascular toxicity, especially myocarditis, emerged as a life-threatening irAE in the real-word setting, and the European Society of Cardiology has recently published the first guideline on cardio-oncology to increase awareness and promote a standardized approach to tackle this complex multimodal issue, including diagnostic challenges, assessment, treatment, and surveillance of patients with cancer receiving ICIs. In this article, through a question & answer format made up of case vignettes, we offer a clinically oriented overview on the latest advancements of ICI-related cardiovascular toxicity, focusing on myocarditis and associated irAEs (myositis and myasthenia gravis within the so-called overlap syndrome), with the purpose of assisting clinicians and healthcare professionals in daily clinical practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.