SynthesisJournal of attention disorders2023
Risks Associated With Undiagnosed ADHD and/or Autism: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of attention disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of SDT-001, a dual-task digital device, in managing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents: a phase 3, randomized, standard treatment-controlled study.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Trial
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and premature mortality: A narrative review of the literature.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adults in England, 2000-2025: Recorded Prevalence and Diagnostic Trends in a Population-Based Observational Study Using Routinely Collected Primary Care Data.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Rethinking Clinical Visibility in Autistic Females: Autistic Camouflaging and Menstrual Cycle Variability.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Autism-Related Information on Websites and General-Purpose Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: Comparative, Bilingual Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Depression in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Neurobiological Convergence and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Biology · 2026Review
- Child Autism Spectrum Disorder Following Maternal Abuse and Trauma History.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Antecedents and outcomes of a later attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis in females.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Article
- "Going Through Life on Hard Mode"-The Experience of Late Diagnosis of Autism and/or ADHD: A Qualitative Study.Autism in adulthood · 2026Article
- Neurodiversity-Affirming Principles in Oncology Treatment: A Lived-Experience Case Study.Psycho-oncology · 2026Article
- Interventions for Students' Well-Being at the University of Helsinki (INSIGHT): Protocol and Preliminary Descriptive Results for a Quasi-Experimental Controlled Trial of a Social Identity Intervention and Two Active Comparators.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- School readiness as a signal of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a population-based cohort study highlighting structural inequalities.Archives of disease in childhood · 2026Article
- Visual orientation discrimination in adults with ADHD and ASD: the differential impact of clinical diagnosis and trait severity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Nottinghamshire Neurodiversity Network: building a multidisciplinary team of experts to improve pathways to care.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Digital health technologies for adults with ADHD: a scoping review.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Review
- Finding the Prevalence of Autism in Female Mental Illness: Improving Child Development for an Underdiagnosed and Undertreated Population.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Real-world evaluation of prevalence, cohort characteristics, and healthcare utilization and expenditures among adults and children with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or both.BMC health services research · 2025Observational
- Evaluation and Uptake of an Online ADHD Psychoeducation Training for Primary Care Health Care Professionals: Implementation Study.JMIR medical education · 2025Article
- Biomarkers and Neuropsychological Tools in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: From Subjectivity to Precision Diagnosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- A multimodal approach for ADHD with coexisting ASD detection for children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe two most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism (ASD)-(ASD/ADHD) strongly impact individuals' functions. This is worsened when individuals are undiagnosed and risks such as increased imprisonments, depression or drug misuse are often observed. This systematic review synthesizes the risks associated with late/undiagnosed ASD/ADHD.
methodsFour databases were searched (Medline, Scopus, PsychInfor, and Embase). Published studies exploring the impact of undiagnosed ASD/ADHD were included. Exclusion criteria included, lack of diagnosis status, studies not solely on ASD or ADHD, gray literature and studies not in English. The findings were summarize through a narrative synthesis.
resultsSeventeen studies were identified, 14 on ADHD and three on ASD. The narrative synthesis identified three main themes: (1) Health, (2) Offending behavior, and (3) Day-to-day impact. The risks highlighted a significant impact on mental wellbeing and social interactions, higher risks of substance abuse, accidents and offending behavior as well as lower levels of income and education. DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that undiagnosed ASD/ADHD is linked to many risks and negative outcomes affecting individuals, their families, and the wider society. The restricted number of studies on ASD are a limitation to the generalization of these findings Implications for research and practice are discussed, highlighting the importance of screening and acknowledging the possibility of ASD/ADHD in many settings such as psychiatric and forensic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.