ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2023
Validation of photoplethysmography- and acceleration-based sleep staging in a community sample: comparison with polysomnography and Actiwatch.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04252482 (Validation of Sleep Healthcare System), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Validation of Sleep Healthcare System
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Relationship Between General Motor Activity and Optimal Actigraphy Sleep Configurations: A Systematic Review.Journal of sleep research · 2026Pooled it
- Key Features of Digital Phenotyping for Monitoring Mental Disorders: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Wearable Sleep-Stage Classification: A Systematic Analysis of Signal Modalities, Representations, and Multimodal Fusion.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Wearable sleep tracker in clinical settings: challenges and promise.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Automatic sleep staging system utilizing photoplethysmography: a validation study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Monitoring Resistance Training in Real Time with Wearable Technology: Current Applications and Future Directions.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesAlthough wrist-worn consumer wearables are widely used for home sleep monitoring, few have been validated. It is unclear whether consumer wearables could be an alternative to Actiwatch. This study aimed to establish and validate an automatic sleep staging system (ASSS) utilizing photoplethysmography and acceleration data collected from a wrist-worn wearable device.
methodsSeventy-five participants from a community population underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) while wearing a smartwatch (MT2511) and Actiwatch Spectrum Plus (Philips Respironics, Inc; Murrysville, PA, USA). Photoplethysmography and acceleration data collected from the smartwatches were utilized to build a 4-stage (wake, light sleep, deep sleep, and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep) classifier, which was validated against PSG. The performance of the sleep/wake classifier was compared with Actiwatch. All analyses were conducted separately for participants with PSG sleep efficiency (SE) ≥ 80% and SE < 80%.
resultsThe 4-stage classifier and PSG showed fair overall epoch-by-epoch agreement (kappa, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.57). The deep sleep and REM times were comparable between ASSS and PSG, while ASSS underestimated the wake time and overestimated the light sleep time among participants with SE < 80%. Moreover, ASSS underestimated sleep-onset latency and wake after sleep onset and overestimated total sleep time and SE among participants with SE < 80%, while all were comparable among participants with SE ≥ 80%. The biases were smaller for ASSS than for Actiwatch.
conclusionsOur photoplethysmography- and acceleration-based ASSS was reliable for participants with SE ≥ 80% and had a smaller bias than Actiwatch among those with SE < 80%. Thus, ASSS may be a promising alternative to Actiwatch. CLINICAL
trial registrationRegistry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Validation of Sleep Healthcare System; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04252482; Identifier: NCT04252482. CITATION: Liu P-K, Ting N, Chiu H-C, et al. Validation of photoplethysmography- and acceleration-based sleep staging in a community sample: comparison with polysomnography and Actiwatch.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.