ArticleEuropean journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics2023
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Commercially Available Cannabidiol Isolate, Broad-Spectrum, and Full-Spectrum Products.
Article in European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabigerol and standardized full-spectrum cannabis extract effects in acute and chronic inflammatory pain models.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol and Alcohol Use Disorders: An Updated Review of Therapeutic Potential.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol at the crossroads: panacea, placebo, or problem?Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Industrial and Therapeutic Applications of Hemp: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Low-Load endoluminal navigation with a magnetically actuated medical soft microrobot.Frontiers in medical technology · 2026Article
- Clinical and Cognitive Improvement Following Treatment with a Hemp-Derived, Full-Spectrum, High-Cannabidiol Product in Patients with Anxiety: An Open-Label Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Genotoxicity study ofToxicology reports · 2025Review
- Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Cannabidiol for Enhanced Solubility and Bioavailability.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- The Complex Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health: Considering the Influence of Cannabis Use Patterns and Individual Factors.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol, (-)-Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- A preliminary randomized trial of the safety, tolerability, and clinical effects of hemp-derived cannabidiol in alcohol use disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Cannabidiol use among elite-level Canadian athletes: the pursuit of improved sleep, pain relief, and enhanced recovery.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Endocannabinoid system and phytocannabinoids in the main species of veterinary interest: a comparative review.Veterinary research communications · 2024Review
- Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Kratom and Cannabidiol in Male Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Strategies to Improve Cannabidiol Bioavailability and Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Product labeling accuracy and contamination analysis of commercially available cannabidiol product samples.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Full-spectrum cannabidiol reduces UVB damage through the inhibition of TGF-β1 and the NLRP3 inflammasome.Photochemistry and photobiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesA wide variety of products containing cannabidiol (CBD) are available on the commercial market. One of the most common products, CBD oil, is administered to self-treat a variety of conditions. These oils are available as CBD isolate, broad-spectrum [all terpenes and minor cannabinoids except Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)], or full-spectrum (all terpenes and minor cannabinoids with THC < 0.3% dried weight) products. A systematic pharmacokinetic study was performed to determine whether there are differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters and systemic exposure of CBD after oral dosing as an isolate, broad-spectrum, or full-spectrum product.
methodsMale and female Sprague Dawley rats were treated with a single, equivalent oral dose of CBD delivered as isolate, broad-spectrum, or full-spectrum product. An additional study using an in-house preparation of CBD isolate plus 0.2% THC was performed. A permeability assay was also conducted to investigate whether the presence of THC alters the intestinal permeability of CBD.
resultsThere was an increase in the oral bioavailability of CBD (12% and 21% in male and female rats, respectively) when administered as a full-spectrum product compared with the isolate and broad-spectrum products. There was no difference in the bioavailability of CBD between the commercially available full-spectrum formulation (3.1% CBD; containing 0.2% THC plus terpenes and other minor cannabinoids) versus the in-house preparation of CBD full-spectrum (CBD isolate 3.2% plus 0.2% THC isolate). In vitro permeability assays demonstrated that the presence of THC increases permeability of CBD while also decreasing efflux through the gut wall.
conclusionsThe presence of 0.2% THC increased the oral bioavailability of CBD in male and female rats, indicating that full-spectrum products may produce increased effectiveness of CBD due to a greater exposure available systemically.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.