ArticleBJGP open2023
Trends and determinants of GPs' work hours in the UK: a quantitative study.
Article in BJGP open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Counting general practitioners: a comparative repeat cross-sectional analysis of GPs in NHS general practice in England.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Trends in the shortfall of English NHS general practice doctors: repeat cross sectional study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Long-term trends in the work hours of physicians in Canada.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2024Article
- Associations between COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Overtime, Perceived Chronic Stress and Burnout Symptoms in German General Practitioners and Practice Personnel-A Prospective Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInformation on the hours of work of UK doctors is limited, and what exists relies on self-designed questionnaires in England.
aimTo understand trends in the annual stock of physicians' hours and their main determinants. DESIGN &
settingA quantitative study in which data were collected from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) between 1998 and 2020, under the End User Licence (EUL), in the UK.
methodDescriptive and linear regression models of labour supply for doctors (pooled), GPs, and hospital doctors.
resultsBetween 1998 and 2020, while the headcount of doctors grew by 128.79% for hospital doctors and 45.28% for GPs, hours of work dropped by 20.80% for hospital doctors and 25.37% for GPs. Hence, the annual stock of hours grew by 81.20% for hospital doctors but by a modest 8.42% for GPs. Female doctors worked 8.68 fewer hours than males, with GPs reporting the largest reduction (-11.82 hours, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -13.31 to -10.33 and -6.75, 95% CI = -9.32 to -4.19, in the full specification). Family decisions are associated with a fall in doctors' work hours and modest growth in the annual stock of hours. These determinants and overtime are drivers of part-time work.
conclusionDespite the increase in the headcount of GPs, their hours of work dropped over the study period, generating a more steady and modest growth in their total annual stock of hours compared with hospital doctors. Female GPs work fewer hours than male GPs and are more likely to work part-time due to childbearing, marriage/co-habitation, and overtime work.
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