Observational studyBMJ open2023
Cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19: analysis of person-generated longitudinal health data from a community-based registry.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04368065 (Registry to Study Factors That May Impact COVID-19 Occurrence and Severity), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Registry to Study Factors That May Impact COVID-19 Occurrence and Severity
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: a review of the emerging evidence.Discover mental health · 2025Review
- Social impact of brain fog and analysis of risk factors: Long COVID in Japanese population.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination Reactions and Risk of Breakthrough Infections Among People With Diabetes: Cohort Study Derived From Community Reporters.JMIR diabetes · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo describe cognitive symptoms in people not hospitalised at study enrolment for SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated demographics, medical history, other neuropsychiatric symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
designLongitudinal observational study.
settingDirect-to-participant registry with community-based recruitment via email and social media including Google, Facebook and Reddit, targeting adult US residents. Demographics, medical history, COVID-19-like symptoms, tests and vaccinations were collected through enrolment and follow-up surveys.
participantsParticipants who reported positive COVID-19 test results between 15 December 2020 and 13 December 2021. Those with cognitive symptoms were compared with those not reporting such symptoms.
main outcome measureSelf-reported cognitive symptoms (defined as 'feeling disoriented or having trouble thinking' from listed options or related written-in symptoms)
resultsOf 3908 participants with a positive COVID-19 test result, 1014 (25.9%) reported cognitive symptoms at any time point during enrolment or follow-up, with approximately half reporting moderate/severe symptoms. Cognitive symptoms were associated with other neuropsychiatric symptoms, including dysgeusia, anosmia, trouble waking up, insomnia, headache, anxiety and depression. In multivariate analyses, female sex (OR, 95% CI): 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2), age (40-49 years (OR: 1.5 (1.2-1.9) compared with 18-29 years), history of autoimmune disease (OR: 1.5 (1.2-2.1)), lung disease (OR: 1.7 (1.3-2.2)) and depression (OR: 1.4 (1.1-1.7)) were associated with cognitive symptoms. Conversely, black race (OR: 0.6 (0.5-0.9)) and COVID-19 vaccination before infection (OR: 0.6 (0.4-0.7)) were associated with reduced occurrence of cognitive symptoms.
conclusionsIn this study, cognitive symptoms among COVID-19-positive participants were associated with female gender, age, autoimmune disorders, lung disease and depression. Vaccination and black race were associated with lower occurrence of cognitive symptoms. A constellation of neuropsychiatric and psychological symptoms occurred with cognitive symptoms. Our findings suggest COVID-19's full health and economic burden may be underestimated. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04368065.
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