ArticleClinical rheumatology2023
Incident autoimmune diseases in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a matched cohort study.
Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT05606198 (Post-COVID-19 Monitoring in Routine Health Insurance Data With Focus on Autoimmune Diseases), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Post-COVID-19 Monitoring in Routine Health Insurance Data With Focus on Autoimmune Diseases (POINTED-AD)
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases After COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review of Clinical Manifestation and Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between COVID-19 and New-Onset Autoimmune Diseases: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 97 Million Individuals.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-MDA5+ dermatomyositis following SARS-COV-2 infections: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- A distinct effector B cell population drives autoantibody production in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Immunity · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Review
- Association between residential greenness and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with COVID-19: A Korean nationwide cohort study.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2026Article
- Autoimmune diseases in the era of COVID-19: emerging mechanisms, clinical implications, vaccine considerations, and future directions.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Antibody repertoire associated with clinically diverse presentations of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Pathogenic IgG from long COVID patients with neurological sequelae triggers sensitive but not cognitive impairments upon transfer into mice.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Article
- New-onset autoimmune disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccination in Norway: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Differentiating Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) from Acute COVID-19 Using Biomarkers: Toward a Practical Clinical Scoring Model.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Long COVID in adults - a current review of the long-term health effects following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of health monitoring · 2026Article
- Interferon-λ-neutralizing autoantibodies and common autoimmune disease autoantibodies in pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Risks of autoimmune and inflammatory post-acute COVID-19 conditions: a network cohort study in six European countries, the USA and Korea.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Association between coronavirus disease 2019 and new-onset autoimmune diseases during the early phase of the pandemic.PloS one · 2026Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate whether the risk of developing an incident autoimmune disease is increased in patients with prior COVID-19 disease compared to those without COVID-19, a large cohort study was conducted.
methodA cohort was selected from German routine health care data. Based on documented diagnoses, we identified individuals with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 through December 31, 2020. Patients were matched 1:3 to control patients without COVID-19. Both groups were followed up until June 30, 2021. We used the four quarters preceding the index date until the end of follow-up to analyze the onset of autoimmune diseases during the post-acute period. Incidence rates (IR) per 1000 person-years were calculated for each outcome and patient group. Poisson models were deployed to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of developing an autoimmune disease conditional on a preceding diagnosis of COVID-19.
resultsIn total, 641,704 patients with COVID-19 were included. Comparing the incidence rates in the COVID-19 (IR=15.05, 95% CI: 14.69-15.42) and matched control groups (IR=10.55, 95% CI: 10.25-10.86), we found a 42.63% higher likelihood of acquiring autoimmunity for patients who had suffered from COVID-19. This estimate was similar for common autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, or Sjögren syndrome. The highest IRR was observed for autoimmune diseases of the vasculitis group. Patients with a more severe course of COVID-19 were at a greater risk for incident autoimmune disease.
conclusionsSARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of developing new-onset autoimmune diseases after the acute phase of infection. Key Points • In the 3 to 15 months after acute infection, patients who had suffered from COVID-19 had a 43% (95% CI: 37-48%) higher likelihood of developing a first-onset autoimmune disease, meaning an absolute increase in incidence of 4.50 per 1000 person-years over the control group. • COVID-19 showed the strongest association with vascular autoimmune diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.