ArticleFrontiers in neurology2023
Stiffness changes in internal rotation muscles of the shoulder and its influence on hemiplegic shoulder pain.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Side-Specific Movement Strategies During Maximal Arm Elevation in Individuals With Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Temporal trajectory and predictors of hemiplegic shoulder pain after stroke: a 12-month longitudinal clinical-ultrasound study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Clinical Validity of Shear Wave Elastography for Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical and Ultrasound Evaluation of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain in Stroke Patients: A Longitudinal Observational Study Starting in the First Hours After Stroke.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Development and validation of an early predictive model for hemiplegic shoulder pain: a comparative study of logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Changes in serum levels of pain mediators in hemiplegic shoulder pain.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a common complication in patients with stroke. The pathogenesis of HSP is complex, and muscle hypertonia, especially the hypertonia of internal rotation muscles of the shoulder, may be one of the important causes of shoulder pain. However, the relationship between muscle stiffness and HSP has not been well studied. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlations between the stiffness of internal rotation muscles and clinical symptoms in patients with HSP. Methods: A total of 20 HSP patients and 20 healthy controls were recruited for this study. The stiffness of internal rotation muscles was quantified using shear wave elastography, and Young's modulus (YM) of the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoid (AD), teres major ™, and latissimus dorsi (LD) were measured. Muscle hypertonia and pain intensity were evaluated using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), respectively. The mobility of the shoulder was evaluated using the Neer score. The correlations between muscle stiffness and the clinical scales were analyzed. Results: YM of internal rotation muscles on the paretic side was higher than that of the control group in the resting and passive stretching positions ( Conclusion: Increased stiffness of PM, TM, and LD was observed in patients with HSP. The stiffness of TM was associated with pain intensity of the shoulder and shoulder mobility.
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