ReviewFrontiers in neurology2023
Aging in multiple sclerosis: from childhood to old age, etiopathogenesis, and unmet needs: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obesity as a Risk Factor for Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Aging with multiple sclerosis and associated prevalence, incidence, comorbidities and healthcare utilization patterns in a population based study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrative Transcriptomics Uncovers IFN-β Signature and IFITM3 as Putative Molecular Mediator in MS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Challenges and Innovation for Diagnosing and Treatment of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Genetic Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis: Key Discoveries and Unmet Needs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Early-Age Cuprizone Exposure Induces Region-Specific Demyelination and Neuroinflammation in Mice.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical and MRI substrates of Symbol Digit Modalities Test impairment in multiple sclerosis patients with an adult- and late-onset.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Effect of late-onset on multiple sclerosis phenotype and outcome: evidence from a multi-national registry.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Age at onset distinguishes clinical features and relapse risk in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites in defining multiple sclerosis phenotypic continuum.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Targeting Lifestyle in CNS Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases: Insights from Diet and Exercise as Potential Disease Modifiers.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Aging-dependent change in Th17 and cytokine response in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- MHC class I and II expression and induction in oligodendrocytes varies with age.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Multiple Sclerosis After the Age of 50 Years: A Comparative Analysis of Late Onset and Adult Onset.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis alters along animal age: impact of S100B expression.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Age and sex as key determinants of multiple sclerosis incidence in Spain: a comprehensive analysis using the global burden of disease database (1990-2019).Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Advances in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review of evidence linking exposure to environmental stressors and associated alterations in the dynamics of immunosenescence (ISC) with the global increase in multiple sclerosis (MS).Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) primarily affects adult females. However, in the last decades, rising incidence and prevalence have been observed for demographic extremes, such as pediatric-onset MS (POMS; occurring before 18 years of age) and late-onset MS (corresponding to an onset above 50 years). These categories show peculiar clinical-pathogenetic characteristics, aging processes and disease courses, therapeutic options, and unmet needs. Nonetheless, several open questions are still pending. POMS patients display an important contribution of multiple genetic and environmental factors such as EBV, while in LOMS, hormonal changes and pollution may represent disease triggers. In both categories, immunosenescence emerges as a pathogenic driver of the disease, particularly for LOMS. In both populations, patient and caregiver engagement are essential from the diagnosis communication to early treatment of disease-modifying therapy (DMTs), which in the elderly population appears more complex and less proven in terms of efficacy and safety. Digital technologies (e.g., exergames and e-training) have recently emerged with promising results, particularly in treating and following motor and cognitive deficits. However, this offer seems more feasible for POMS, being LOMS less familiar with digital technology. In this narrative review, we discuss how the aging process influences the pathogenesis, disease course, and therapeutic options of both POMS and LOMS. Finally, we evaluate the impact of new digital communication tools, which greatly interest the current and future management of POMS and LOMS patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.