ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2023
Protocol for mapping of the supplementary motor area using repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sub-Regional Motor-Somatosensory Connectivity and Lifespan Plasticity in Functional Networks.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2026Article
- Functional mapping of the somatotopic organization of the supplementary motor area using navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and computer vision-based analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Permanent deterioration of fine motor skills after the resection of tumors in the supplementary motor area.Neurosurgical review · 2024Article
- Mapping of the supplementary motor area using repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Damage to the supplementary motor area (SMA) can lead to impairments of motor and language function. A detailed preoperative mapping of functional boarders of the SMA could therefore aid preoperative diagnostics in these patients. Objective: The aim of this study was the development of a repetitive nTMS protocol for non-invasive functional mapping of the SMA while assuring effects are caused by SMA rather than M1 activation. Methods: The SMA in the dominant hemisphere of 12 healthy subjects (28.2 ± 7.7 years, 6 females) was mapped using repetitive nTMS at 20 Hz (120% RMT), while subjects performed a finger tapping task. Reductions in finger taps were classified in three error categories (≤15% = no errors, 15-30% = mild, >30% significant). The location and category of induced errors was marked in each subject's individual MRI. Effects of SMA stimulation were then directly compared to effects of M1 stimulation in four different tasks (finger tapping, writing, line tracing, targeting circles). Results: Mapping of the SMA was possible for all subjects, yet effect sizes varied. Stimulation of the SMA led to a significant reduction of finger taps compared to baseline (BL: 45taps, SMA: 35.5taps; Conclusion: Mapping of the SMA using repetitive nTMS is feasible. While errors induced in the SMA are not entirely independent of M1, disruption of the SMA induces functionally distinct errors. These error maps can aid preoperative diagnostics in patients with SMA related lesions.
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