Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37330885›Full record

ArticleJournal of safety research2023

An analysis of suicides among first responders ─ Findings from the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2015-2017.

Leslie M Carson, Suzanne M Marsh, Margaret M Brown, Katherine L Elkins, Hope M Tiesman

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of safety research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. 25-Year fatal workplace suicide trends in North Carolina: 1992-2017.American journal of industrial medicine · 2024
    Article
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Leslie M CarsonNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Impaired Driving and Occupant Protection, Impaired Driving Division, Washington, DC, USA.
Suzanne M MarshNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Surveillance and Field Investigations Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA. Electronic address: smm2@cdc.gov.
Margaret M BrownNational Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Katherine L ElkinsNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Emergency Medical Services, EMS and National 911 Programs, Washington, DC, USA.
Hope M TiesmanNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration · USNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health · USNational Center for Injury Prevention and Control · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFirst responders, including law enforcement officers (LEOs), firefighters, emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians, and public safety telecommunicators, face unique occupational stressors and may be at elevated risk for suicide. This study characterized suicides among first responders and identifies potential opportunities for additional data collection.

methodsUsing suicides identified from the three most recent years of National Violent Death Reporting System data with industry and occupation codes from the NIOSH Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (2015-2017), decedents were categorized as first responders or non-first responders based on usual occupation. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences in sociodemographic and suicide circumstances between first and non-first responders.

resultsFirst responder decedents made up 1% of all suicides. Over half of first responders (58%) were LEOs, 21% were firefighters, 18% were EMS clinicians, and 2% were public safety telecommunicators. Compared to non-first responder decedents, more first responders served in the military (23% vs. 11%) and used a firearm as the method of injury (69% vs. 44%). Among first responder decedents for whom circumstances were known, intimate partner problems, job problems, and physical health problems were most frequent. Some common risk factors for suicide (history of suicidal thoughts, previous suicide attempt, alcohol/substance abuse problem) were significantly lower among first responders. Selected sociodemographics and characteristics were compared across first responder occupations. Compared to firefighters and EMS clinicians, LEO decedents had slightly lower percentages of depressed mood, mental health problems, history of suicidal thoughts, and history of suicide attempts.

conclusionsWhile this analysis provides a small glimpse into some of these stressors, more detailed research may help inform future suicide prevention efforts and interventions. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Understanding stressors and their relation to suicide and suicidal behaviors can facilitate suicide prevention among this critical workforce.

Indexed as

Emergency Medical ServicesSuicide PreventionCause of DeathData CollectionHumansNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.Population SurveillanceRisk FactorsUnited StatesEmergency medical servicesFirefighterLaw enforcementPublic safety telecommunicatorSuicide preventionSurveillance

Identifiers

PMID37330885
PMCPMC11284622
OpenAlexW4367185988

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.