ArticleVaccine2023
Role of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies in the allergic reactions to PEG-containing Covid-19 vaccines: Evidence for immunogenicity of PEG.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- From barrier to guide: Exploiting disease-specific hemodynamics for enhanced nanodrug targeting in cardiovascular diseases.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Review
- From bench to bedside: Overcoming translational hurdles in nanoparticle research with pharmacokinetic modeling.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Dynamic Arrest and Tunable Gelation of Immunogenically Inert POEGMA Nanoparticles.ACS polymers Au · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles: Navigating new frontiers in glioblastoma therapy.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Anti-PEG Immunogenicity of mRNA-LNP Vaccines in Humans: Evidence for Population-Level Changes in the Anti-PEG Antibody Repertoire.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Development of a portable device for the detection of anti-PEG antibodies in human plasma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- From LNPs to hybrid nanocarriers: development, challenges and redesign of non-viral gene delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Review
- Polypeptide-engineered lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery with limited immunogenicity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticles for bone marrow-targeted RNA therapeutics.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Pre-existing anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in pregnant women and newborns.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Observational
- Deciphering the biological fate of mRNA-LNP-based biologics: A perspective from tissue to intracellular distribution.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Poly(sarcosine) Lipid Synthesis From COMacromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Smart nanoparticle delivery systems for curcumin: a targeted strategy to enhance anticancer efficacy and bioavailability.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Review
- Peptide and Protein Tags for the Half-Life Extension of Therapeutic Agents: A Review Article.The protein journal · 2026Review
- Machine learning-driven exosome-mimetic lipid nanoparticles for tumor-specific targeting.Nano convergence · 2026Article
- A novel long-acting C5a-blocking cyclic peptide prevents sepsis-induced organ dysfunction via effective blockade of the inflammatory cascade.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines: Plausible Mechanisms of Adverse Events and Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Enhanced Hydrophilicity and Antifouling Performance of PEG with Sulfoxide-Containing Side Chains for Nanomedicine Applications.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Introducing Sulfur Ylides as Charge-Neutral Termini for Mitigating Poly(ethylene glycol) Antigenicity in Nanomedicine.JACS Au · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A small fraction of recipients who receive polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-containing COVID-19 mRNA-LNP vaccines (Comirnaty and Spikevax) develop hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) or anaphylaxis. A causal role of anti-PEG antibodies (Abs) has been proposed, but not yet been proven in humans.We used ELISA for serial measurements of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing Ab (anti-S) and anti-PEG IgG/IgM Ab levels before and after the first and subsequent booster vaccinations with mRNA-LNP vaccines in a total of 291 blood donors. The HSRs in 15 subjects were graded and correlated with anti-PEG IgG/IgM, just as the anti-S and anti-PEG Ab levels with each other. The impacts of gender, allergy, mastocytosis and use of cosmetics were also analyzed. Serial testing of two or more plasma samples showed substantial individual variation of anti-S Ab levels after repeated vaccinations, just as the levels of anti-PEG IgG and IgM, which were over baseline in 98-99 % of unvaccinated individuals. About 3-4 % of subjects in the strongly left-skewed distribution had 15-45-fold higher values than the median, referred to as anti-PEG Ab supercarriers. Both vaccines caused significant rises of anti-PEG IgG/IgM with >10-fold rises in about ∼10 % of Comirnaty, and all Spikevax recipients. The anti-PEG IgG and/or IgM levels in the 15 vaccine reactors (3 anaphylaxis) were significantly higher compared to nonreactors. Serial testing of plasma showed significant correlation between the booster injection-induced rises of anti-S and anti-PEG IgGs, suggesting coupled anti-S and anti-PEG immunogenicity.Conclusions: The small percentage of people who have extremelevels of anti-PEG Ab in their blood may be at increased risk for HSRs/anaphylaxis to PEGylated vaccines and other PEGylated injectables. This risk might be further increased by the anti-PEG immunogenicity of these vaccines. Screening for anti-PEG Ab "supercarriers" may help predicting reactors and thus preventing these adverse phenomena.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.