ReviewJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2024
The vicious circle between homocysteine, methyl group-donating vitamins and chronic levodopa intake in Parkinson's disease.
Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advanced Parkinson's disease treatment patterns in Italy: results from a multicenter observational study.Annals of medicine · 2026Observational
- Impact of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition on plasma homocysteine levels in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Biochemical and nutritional changes during continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: findings from an observational cohort.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Update on the Present and Future Pharmacologic Treatment of Parkinson's Disease.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Levodopa treatment: impacts and mechanisms throughout Parkinson's disease progression.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Decreased hepatic enzymes reflect the decreased vitamin B6 levels in Parkinson's disease patients.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A biomarker for declined methylation capacity is elevation of homocysteine levels. They increase the risk for onset of vascular disease and contribute to progression of chronic neurodegeneration and aging. This narrative review discusses associations between homocysteine, consumption of methyl group-donating vitamins and impact on disease-generating mechanisms in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease. We conclude to recommend levodopa-treated patients to substitute themselves with methyl group-donating vitamins. This is harmless in terms of application of folic acid, methylcobalamin or hydroxocobalamin. Moreover, we suggest a crucial discussion on the value of the various popular hypotheses on Parkinson's disease-generating mechanisms. Findings from studies with acute levodopa exposure describe oxidative stress generation and impaired methylation capacity, which causes gene dysfunction. Their repeated occurrences contribute to onset of mitochondrial dysfunction, iron enrichment and pathologic protein accumulation in the long term. Current research underestimates these epigenetic, metabolic consequences of chronic levodopa application. Supplementary treatment strategies are recommended to avoid levodopa-related side effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.