ArticleJAMA health forum2023
Estimated Changes in Insulin Prices and Discounts After Entry of New Insulin Products, 2012-2019.
Article in JAMA health forum, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insulin Glargine Utilization and Spending Before and After the First Biosimilar Insulin Glargine: A Real-World Data Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Selected drugs, therapeutic alternatives, and price benchmarks for IPAY 2027 Medicare drug price negotiation.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- State Substitution Laws and Uptake of an Interchangeable Insulin Biosimilar.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Health Outcome Changes in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes After a State-Level Insulin Copayment Cap.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Price benchmarks of drugs selected for Medicare price negotiation and their therapeutic alternatives.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2024Article
- Biosimilars engage in low levels of direct-to-physician marketing relative to reference biologics.Health affairs scholar · 2023Article
- Trends in Proportion of Medicare Part D Claims Subject to 340B Discounts, 2013-2020.JAMA health forum · 2023Article
- Estimated discounts generated by Medicare drug negotiation in 2026.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Despite the political salience of insulin prices, no study to date has quantified trends in insulin prices that account for manufacturer discounts (net prices). Objective: To describe trends in insulin list prices and net prices faced by payers from 2012 to 2019 and estimate changes in net prices after the 2015 to 2017 entry of new insulin products. Design, Setting, and Participants: This longitudinal study included an analysis of Medicare, Medicaid, and SSR Health drug pricing data from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. Data analyses were performed from June 1, 2022, to October 31, 2022. Exposures: US sales of insulin products. Main Outcomes and Measures: Net prices faced by payers were estimated for insulin products as list prices minus manufacturer discounts negotiated in commercial and Medicare Part D markets (ie, commercial discounts). Trends in net prices were evaluated before and after the entry of new insulin products. Results: Net prices of long-acting insulin products increased at an annual rate of 23.6% from 2012 to 2014 but decreased at an annual rate of 8.3% after the introduction of insulin glargine (Toujeo and Basaglar) and degludec (Tresiba) in 2015. Net prices of short-acting insulin increased at an annual rate of 5.6% from 2012 to 2017 but then decreased from 2018 to 2019 after the introduction of insulin aspart (Fiasp) and lispro (Admelog). For human insulin products, which did not experience entry of new products, net prices increased at an annual rate of 9.2% from 2012 to 2019. From 2012 to 2019, commercial discounts increased from 22.7% to 64.8% for long-acting insulin products, from 37.9% to 66.1% for short-acting insulin products, and from 54.9% to 63.1% for human insulin products. Conclusions and Relevance: In this longitudinal study of US insulin products, results suggest that insulin prices substantially increased from 2012 to 2015, even after accounting for discounts. The introduction of new insulin products was followed by substantial discounting practices that lowered net prices faced by payers.
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