ArticleInfection2024
Community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial co-infections in patients hospitalized with Covid-19 or influenza: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Infection, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic Use, Bacterial Co-Infection, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19, Influenza, or RSV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Risk factors and outcomes of secondary co-infections in hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Malaysia: a case control study.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Design and Synthesis of Hybrid Compounds for Potential Treatment of Bacterial Co-Infections: In Vitro Antibacterial and In Silico Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Linear and Cyclic Peptides Containing Arginine, Tryptophan, and Diphenylalanine.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mortality in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients with contemporaneous bacterial and fungal infections.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024Article
- Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens from Community-Acquired Pneumonia at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia.Journal of tropical medicine · 2024Article
- Performance and Impact on Antibiotic Prescriptions of a Multiplex PCR in a Real-Life Cohort of Critically Ill Patients with Suspected Ventilated Pneumonia: A Retrospective Monocentric Observational Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Bacterial Co- or Superinfection in Patients Treated in Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19- and Influenza-Associated Pneumonia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Plasma Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) as a Possible Biomarker for Severe COVID-19.Viruses · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBacterial co-infections are believed to be less frequent in patients with Covid-19 than influenza, but frequencies varied between studies.
methodsThis single-center retrospective, propensity score-matched analysis included adult patients with Covid-19 or influenza admitted to normal-care wards between 02/2014 and 12/2021. Covid-19 cases were propensity score matched to influenza cases at a 2:1 ratio. Community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial co-infections were defined as positive blood or respiratory cultures ≤ 48 h or > 48 h after hospital admission, respectively. The primary outcome was comparison of community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial infections between patients with Covid-19 and influenza in the propensity score-matched cohort. Secondary outcomes included frequency of early and late microbiological testing.
resultsA total of 1337 patients were included in the overall analysis, of which 360 patients with Covid-19 were matched to 180 patients with influenza. Early (≤ 48 h) microbiological sampling was performed in 138 (38.3%) patients with Covid-19 and 75 (41.7%) patients with influenza. Community-acquired bacterial co-infections were found in 14 (3.9%) of 360 patients with Covid-19 and 7 (3.9%) of 180 patients with influenza (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.3-2.7). Late (> 48 h) microbiological sampling was performed in 129 (35.8%) patients with Covid-19 and 74 (41.1%) patients with influenza. Hospital-acquired bacterial co-infections were found in 40 (11.1%) of 360 patients with Covid-19 and 20 (11.1%) of 180 patients with influenza (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.5-1.8).
conclusionThe rate of community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial co-infections was similar in hospitalized Covid-19 and influenza patients. These findings contrast previous literature reporting that bacterial co-infections are less common in Covid-19 than influenza.
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