ArticlePublic health nutrition2023
A longitudinal assessment of racial and ethnic inequities in food environment exposure and retail market concentration.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Changes in Neighborhood Foodscapes From 2003 to 2023 by Area Rurality in the United States.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Perceived Inadequate Neighborhood Food Shopping and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Perceived Neighborhood-level Assets and Barriers to Weight-related Behaviors among Ethnically Diverse Black Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Residential segregation, housing cost, and smoking behaviors in Black Americans.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Social inequities in the community food environment: temporal analysis of food retail availability in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (2010-2022).Public health nutrition · 2025Review
- Food Swamps and Transportation Access: Intersecting Structural Determinants of Food Shopping and Access in Marginalized Urban Communities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Emergency Allotments in SNAP and Food Hardship Among Households With Children.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Integrating human activity into food environments can better predict cardiometabolic diseases in the United States.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Neighborhood Influences on Cardiovascular Health: A Concept Mapping Study With Young Black Men Living in Southern Black Communities.American journal of men's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis paper assesses trends in food environment and market concentration and racial and ethnic inequities in food environment exposure and food retail market concentration at the US census tract level from 2000 to 2019.
designEstablishment-level data from the National Establishment Time Series were used to measure food environment exposure and food retail market concentration. We linked that dataset to race, ethnicity and social vulnerability information from the American Community Survey and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. A geospatial hot-spot analysis was conducted to identify relatively low and high healthy food access clusters based on the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI). The associations were assessed using two-way fixed effects regression models.
settingCensus tracts spanning all US states.
participants69 904 US census tracts.
resultsThe geospatial analysis revealed clear patterns of areas with high and low mRFEI values. Our empirical findings point to disparities in food environment exposure and market concentration by race. The analysis shows that Asian Americans are likelier to live in neighbourhoods with a low food environment exposure and low retail market concentration. These adverse effects are more pronounced in metro areas. The robustness analysis for the social vulnerability index confirms these results.
conclusionUS food policies must address disparities in neighbourhood food environments and foster a healthy, profitable, equitable and sustainable food system. Our findings may inform equity-oriented neighbourhood, land use and food systems planning. Identifying priority areas for investment and policy interventions is essential for equity-oriented neighbourhood planning.
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