ArticlePerspectives in clinical research
Assessment of use of World Health Organization access, watch, reserve antibiotics and core prescribing indicators in pediatric outpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- National and regional challenges of antibiotic prescribing patterns in pediatric populations across Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Determinants of antibiotic prescription pattern and appropriateness in paediatric care in Ghana: a generalized estimating equation approach.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Antibacterial consumption in public health facilities in Uganda: a trend analysis of national warehouse distribution data 2022-2024.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Determinants of expert-advised antibiotic indication in pediatric emergency department, data from a cross-sectional prevalence survey.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Standardizing Antimicrobial Use in a Resource-Limited Pediatric Surgical Unit in Botswana.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance: A Point Prevalence Survey Using AWaRe Indicators from Outpatient Settings of Multan, Pakistan.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Inventory of Survey Instruments for Monitoring Antimicrobial Use in Primary Care Settings in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A cross-sectional evaluation of rational antibiotic prescribing in Kabul based on WHO indicators.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Care in Ghana: A Call to Action for Stewardship in This Population.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Utilisation of antibiotics in a community pharmacy: A case from north-west, South Africa.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Increasing the use of the WHO AWaRe system in antibiotic surveillance and stewardship programmes in low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- From access to reserve: antimicrobial resistance among etiological agents of central line-associated bloodstream infections in the view of WHO's AWaRe antimicrobial spectrum.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Antibiotic susceptibility profile ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Antibiotic and antifungal use in paediatric departments at three academic hospitals in South Africa.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Evaluating drug use patterns among paediatric outpatients in Burundi.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2024Article
- Surveillance of antimicrobial utilization among outpatient settings of a tertiary care hospital.Perspectives in clinical researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze antibiotic prescribing patterns in pediatric outpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India, to identify use of World Health Organization (WHO) access, watch and reserve (AWaRe) antibiotics and to identify rationality of prescribing on the basis of WHO core prescribing indicators. Materials and Methods: Scanned copies of prescriptions were collected from the pediatrics outpatients and antibiotic utilization pattern was analyzed in reference to WHO AWaRe groupings and core prescribing indicators. Results: Over the 3 months study period, 310 prescriptions were screened. The prevalence of antibiotic use 36.77%. The majority of the 114 children who received antibiotics were males (52.64%, 60) and belonged to 1-5 year age group (49.12%, 56). The highest number of antibiotic prescriptions was from the penicillin class (58, 46.60%) followed by cephalosporin (23.29%) and macrolide (16.54%). Most number of prescribed antibiotics belonged to Access group (63, 47.37%), followed by Watch group (51, 38.35%). Average number of drugs per prescription was 2.66, percentage of encounters with injections were 0.64%. Most of the prescriptions were prescribed using generic name (74.18%, 612), 58.30% (481) of drugs were from WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for children. Conclusion: If antibiotics are indicated, more number of antibiotics from the Access group may be used for ambulatory children who attend outpatient department of tertiary care hospitals. A simple combination of metrics based on AWaRe groups and core prescribing indicators may eliminate the problem of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing in children and may broaden the antibiotic stewardship opportunities.
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