ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2023
Renal C4d is a potential biomarker of disease activity and severity in pediatric lupus nephritis patients.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complement Dysregulation in Kidney Diseases: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Targeted Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Lupus Nephritis: Unmet Needs and Evolving Solutions.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Review
- Clinicopathological differences in the activation pattern of the complement system between pediatric and adult lupus nephritis: a single centered retrospective study in Korea.Childhood kidney diseases · 2025Article
- Biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus: A scoping review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a multisystemic autoimmune disease, is very aggressive in pediatric-onset patients as they are prone to develop lupus nephritis (LN). Although renal C4d positivity is correlated with the activity of renal disease and SLE in adult-onset LN patients, available information for pediatric-onset patients is limited. Methods: To evaluate the potential diagnostic significance of renal C4d staining in pediatric LN patients, we retrospectively detected C4d staining by immunohistochemistry on renal biopsy specimens from 58 pediatric LN patients. The clinical and laboratory data at the time of the kidney biopsy and the renal disease activity of histological injury were analyzed according to the C4d staining status. Results: Glomerular C4d (G-C4d)-positive staining was detected in all 58 cases of LN. Patients with a G-C4d score of 2 displayed more severe proteinuria than those with a G-C4d score of 1 (24-h urinary protein: 3.40 ± 3.55 g vs. 1.36 ± 1.24 g, Conclusion: Our study revealed that G-C4d, PTC-C4d, and TMB-C4d were positively correlated with proteinuria, disease activity and severity, and hypertension, respectively, in pediatric LN patients. These data suggest that renal C4d is a potential biomarker for disease activity and severity in pediatric LN patients, providing insights into the development of novel identification and therapeutic approaches for pediatric-onset SLE with LN.
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