ArticleFood science & nutrition2023
Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy products by modified QuEChERS/GC-QqQ-MS/MS method: A risk assessment study.
Article in Food science & nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes and Relationships Between PCB 126, PCB 169 and Macroelement Concentrations During the Technological Process of Selected High-Fat Dairy Products.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Investigating PCBs and OCPs in Lebanese Yogurt: National Contamination Patterns and Health Risk Assessment.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Atmospheric bulk depositions: state-of-the-art and European legislative framework with focus on Italy.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Review
- Early-life exposure to PCBs and PFAS exerts negative effects on the developing central nervous system.Journal of hazardous materials · 2025Review
- Origin, dietary exposure, and toxicity of endocrine-disrupting food chemical contaminants: A comprehensive review.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy products by modified QuEChERS/GC-QqQ-MS/MS method: A risk assessment study.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are harmful chemicals that are persistent in the environment and can accumulate in the food chain. The purpose of the present research was to assess non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) in some dairy products (yogurt, doogh, and kashk) using modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) technique and gas chromatography-triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS/MS) method and risk assessment study. The LOQs (limit of quantifications), LODs (limit of detections), recovery, and RSD for the PCB analytes were 0.180-0.360, 0.06-0.12 ng/g fat, 97.45-102.63%, and 6.33-8.86%, respectively. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of Ʃ6-NDL-PCBs in samples were 15.17 ± 3.44 ng/g fat, which was lower than the standard level established by European Union (EU, 40 ng/g fat). The maximum mean level was PCB 180 (9.98 ± 2.04 ng/g fat) and the minimum mean level of PCBs in samples was PCB 28 (0.09 ± 0.06 ng/g fat). Also, results showed that kashk samples had a maximum mean level of 6-NDL-PCBs (18.66 ± 2.42 ng/g fat) and doogh samples had a minimum mean level of 6-NDL-PCBs (12.21 ± 2.22 ng/g fat). The mean level of 6-NDL-PCBs in yogurt samples was 14.65 ± 2.02 ng/g fat. The heat map results showed the correlation between the spectral indices of 6-NDL-PCBs in different dairy products. According to the Monte Carlo method, risk assessment was done using calculating the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR). The EDI values of 6 NDL-PCBs based on the 95th percentile in yogurt, doogh, and kashk were 14.3, 1.49, and 0.5 ng/kg.day, respectively. Considering that the contaminant level in the samples is lower than the EU limit, it can be concluded that dietary exposure to 6 NDL-PCBs may not pose a risk to the health of consumers.
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