Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37321394›Full record

ArticleClinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2023

The association of female sex with management and mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.

Annette C Westgeest, Felicia Ruffin, Jackson L Kair, Lawrence P Park, Rachel E Korn, Maren E Webster, Leo G Visser, Emile F Schippers, Mark G J de Boer, Merel M C Lambregts and 1 more

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Article in Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Sex-related differences in clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of Enterococcus faecalis bloodstream infection.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Clinical Subphenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024
    Observational
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Annette C WestgeestDivision of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.c.westgeest@lumc.nl.
Felicia RuffinDivision of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Jackson L KairDivision of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Lawrence P ParkDivision of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Rachel E KornDivision of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Maren E WebsterDivision of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Leo G VisserDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Emile F SchippersDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Mark G J de BoerDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Merel M C LambregtsDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Vance G FowlerDivision of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.

Funding

HLA Fine Mapping to Elucidate S. aureus SusceptibilityR01AI165671 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI FOWLER, VANCE G., SCOTT, WILLIAM K · 2021 to 2025
$3.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI165671
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe association of biological female sex with outcome in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia remains unresolved. The aim of this study was to determine the independent association of female sex with management and mortality in patients with S. aureus bacteraemia.

methodsThis is a post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data from the S. aureus Bacteraemia Group Prospective Cohort Study. Adult patients with monomicrobial S. aureus bacteraemia at Duke University Medical Center were enrolled from 1994 to 2020. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to assess differences in management and mortality between females and males.

resultsAmong 3384 patients with S. aureus bacteraemia, 1431 (42%) were women. Women were, as compared with men, more often Black (581/1431 [41%] vs. 620/1953 [32%], p < 0.001), haemodialysis dependent (309/1424 [22%] vs. 334/1940 [17%], p 0.001) and more likely to be infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (697/1410 [49%] MRSA in women vs. 840/1925 [44%] MRSA in men, p 0.001). Women received shorter durations of antimicrobial treatment (median 24 [interquartile range 14-42] vs. 28 [interquartile range 14-45] days, p 0.005), and were less likely to undergo transesophageal echocardiography as compared with men (495/1430 [35%] vs. 802/1952 [41%], p < 0.001). Despite these differences, female sex was not associated with 90-day mortality in either univariable (388/1431 [27%] in women vs. 491/1953 [25%] in men, p 0.204) or multivariable analysis (adjusted hazard ratio for women 0.98 [95% CI, 0.85-1.13]). DISCUSSION: Despite significant differences in patient characteristics, disease characteristics, and management, women and men with S. aureus bacteraemia have a similar mortality risk.

Indexed as

BacteremiaMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcal InfectionsAdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesStaphylococcus aureusAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteraemiaFemale sexMortalitySex differencesStaphylococcus aureus

Identifiers

PMID37321394
PMCPMC11148791

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.