ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2023
National, State-Level, and County-Level Prevalence Estimates of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Self-Reporting a Lifetime Diagnosis of Depression - United States, 2020.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06934330 (Effect of Tao Calligraphy Meditation and Energized Water on Depression Randomized Control Cross-over Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 130 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Tao Calligraphy Meditation and Energized Water on Depression Randomized Control Cross-over Study
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Inhibition of the serotonin transporter and risk of heart valve disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Depressive disorders: systematic review of approved psychiatric medications (2009-April 2025) and pipeline phase 3 medications.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Nurse-Led Mental Health Interventions for College Students: A Systematic Review.Preventing chronic disease · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence and prevalence of functional neurological disorder: a systematic review.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Discrete Choice Experiments to Elicit Patient Preferences for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review.The patient · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Walking on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Pooled it
- Association of sugar consumption with risk of depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sociodemographic and clinical predictors of digital mental health intervention engagement among treatment-seeking psychiatric outpatients.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression Among Adults in Primary Care.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Daily Vinegar Ingestion Improves Depression and Enhances Niacin Metabolism in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- The Longitudinal Reciprocal Relationships of Tooth Brushing Behaviors Between Underserved Children and Their Caregivers.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2024Trial
- Co-occurrence of racism-based trauma symptoms and depressive symptoms among college students of color.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2026Article
- Parent or Child Driven? Associations Over Time Between Parental Depressive Symptoms, Parental Locus of Control, and Child Negative Emotionality in US Military Families.Family process · 2026Article
- Childhood mental health and major depression in later life: a survival analysis across 12 years.Aging & mental health · 2026Article
- Psychiatric comorbidities cluster early after onset in MOGAD: a cross-sectional comparative study with MS and NMOSD.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in patients with treatment-resistant depression and their correlations with gene expression profiles.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Post-Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms by Suicidal Ideation Among Black Transgender Women.Research in nursing & health · 2026Article
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Disrupted Stromal-Epithelial Crosstalk Impairs Gut Barrier in Depression.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Egg consumption in relation to psychological disorders, inflammation, and oxidative stress among adults: results from a cross-sectional study in Iran.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression is a major contributor to mortality, morbidity, disability, and economic costs in the United States (1). Examining the geographic distribution of depression at the state and county levels can help guide state- and local-level efforts to prevent, treat, and manage depression. CDC analyzed 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to estimate the national, state-level, and county-level prevalence of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years self-reporting a lifetime diagnosis of depression (referred to as depression). During 2020, the age-standardized prevalence of depression among adults was 18.5%. Among states, the age-standardized prevalence of depression ranged from 12.7% to 27.5% (median = 19.9%); most of the states with the highest prevalence were in the Appalachian* and southern Mississippi Valley
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.