ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2023
An Urgent Need for School-Based Diversion Programs for Adolescent Substance Use: A Statewide Survey of School Personnel.
Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06115746 (A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Novel Drug Education and Diversion Program), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Novel Drug Education and Diversion Program (iDECIDE) for Middle and High School Students
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Latent profile analysis reveals diverse perceptions of tobacco product risks among youth.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Exploring self-referral as a low-burden, universally administered strategy to connect adolescents to mental health supports following anonymous school-based screening.School psychology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Deprivation and Adolescent Mental Health: The Protective Role of School Staffing Patterns.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Train-the-Educator: Boosting Knowledge and Confidence for Conducting Substance Use Prevention Education.The Journal of school health · 2025Article
- Intention to quit or reduce e-cigarettes, cannabis, and their co-use among a school-based sample of adolescents.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Predictors of Substance Use Initiation by Early Adolescence.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- A pragmatic clinical effectiveness trial of a novel alternative to punishment for school-based substance use infractions: study protocol for the iDECIDE curriculum.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThere has been growing interest in reserving punishment as a last resort to address substance use in schools. However, there is significant variability in adoption of alternative approaches. This study reported school personnel's perceptions of diversion programs, identified characteristics of schools/districts that currently have diversion programs, and defined barriers of implementation of diversion programs.
methodsOne hundred fifty six school stakeholders from Massachusetts' K-12 schools, including district administrators, principals and vice principals, school resource officers, guidance counselors, and nurses, completed a web-based survey in May-June 2020. Participants were recruited through e-mail distributed via professional listservs, direct school outreach, and community coalitions. The web survey queried beliefs, attitudes, and actions that schools take regarding substance use infractions as well as perceived barriers to implementing diversion programs.
resultsParticipants endorsed strong beliefs that punishment was an appropriate school response for student substance use, particularly for nontobacco-related infractions. Despite these personal beliefs, diversion programs were rated as more effective but less commonly used than punitive approaches (37% of respondents reported having diversion programs in their schools/districts vs. 85% used punitive approaches) (p < .03). Punishment was more likely to be used to respond to cannabis, alcohol, and other substances compared to tobacco (p < .02). Primary barriers of implementing diversion programs included funding, staff training, and parental support. DISCUSSION: Based on school personnel perceptions, these findings lend further support for a transition away from punishment and toward more restorative alternatives. However, barriers to sustainability and equity were identified that warrant consideration when implementing diversion programs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.