Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37317709›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2023

Validation of the presence of fast exchanging amine CEST effect at low saturation powers and its influence on the quantification of APT.

Casey Sun, Yu Zhao, Zhongliang Zu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Effective Modeling of Continuous WaveMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Casey SunVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7542-4540
Yu ZhaoVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2814-591X
Zhongliang ZuVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7361-7480

Funding

Nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) MR imaging of choline phospholipids and their metabolismR01EB029443 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI ZU, ZHONGLIANG · 2021 to 2024
$1.5M
Validation of CEST MR Imaging of Creatine and Phosphocreatine in MuscleR21AR074261 · NIAMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI ZU, ZHONGLIANG · 2018 to 2019
$382k
Optimizing Glutamate Imaging using CEST MRI at 3T Clinical ScannersR03EB029078 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI ZU, ZHONGLIANG · 2020 to 2021
$170k
NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR074261NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB029443NIBIB NIH HHS R03 EB029078
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAccurately quantifying the amide proton transfer (APT) effect and the underlying exchange parameters is crucial for its applications, but previous studies have reported conflicting results. In these quantifications, the CEST effect from the fast exchange amine was always ignored because it was considered weak with low saturation powers. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of the fast exchange amine CEST on the quantification of APT at low saturation powers.

methodsA quantification method with low and high saturation powers was used to distinguish APT from the fast exchange amine CEST effect. Simulations were conducted to assess the method's capability to separate APT from the fast exchange amine CEST effect. Animal experiments were performed to assess the relative contributions from the fast exchange amine and amide to CEST signals at 3.5 ppm. Three APT quantification methods, each with varying degrees of contamination from the fast exchange amine, were employed to process the animal data to assess the influence of the amine on the quantification of APT effect and the exchange parameters.

resultsThe relative size of the fast exchange amine CEST effect to APT effect gradually increases with increasing saturation power. At 9.4 T, it increases from approximately 20% to 40% of APT effect with a saturation power increase from 0.25 to 1 μT.

conclusionThe fast exchange amine CEST effect leads overestimation of APT effect, fitted amide concentration, and amide-water exchange rate, potentially contributing to the conflicting results reported in previous studies.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingProtonsAmidesAminesAnimalsWaterAmidesAminesProtonsWateramide proton transfer (APT)aminechemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)quantification

Identifiers

PMID37317709
PMCPMC10614282

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.