ArticleMicroorganisms2023
Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Calgary, Canada, during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic 2020-2022.
Article in Microorganisms, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increase in serotypes 4 and 14 in invasive pneumococcal disease in adults aged 18 to 59 years. A retrospective population-based descriptive study during the period 2007-2025 in the Community of Madrid, Spain.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Incidence of Recurrent Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Canada.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- The resilience of vaccine serotypes in adult invasive pneumococcal disease in Portugal, 2018-2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Changes in the incidence, viral coinfection pattern and outcomes of pneumococcal hospitalizations during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- Update on the evolving landscape of pneumococcal capsule types: new discoveries and way forward.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Evolving genomic landscape of pediatric pneumococcus in two Canadian urban centers following conjugate vaccination.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Epidemiology and Serotype Replacement After the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Ontario, Canada, 2007-2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Outbreak of severe community-acquired bacterial infections among children in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany), October to December 2022.Infection · 2024Article
- Invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2021-2022.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2024Article
- Increase in complicated upper respiratory tract infection in children during the 2022/2023 winter season-a post coronavirus disease 2019 effect?Pediatric radiology · 2024Article
- Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Calgary, Canada, during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic 2020-2022.Microorganisms · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We describe the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Calgary. IPD declined significantly worldwide during 2020 and 2021. This may be due to the reduced transmission of and decrease in circulating viruses that often co-infect with the opportunistic pneumococcus. Pneumococcus has not been shown to frequently co-infect or cause secondary infection with SARS-CoV-2. We examined and compared incidence rates in Calgary per quarter in the pre-vaccine, post-vaccine, 2020 and 2021 (pandemic) and 2022 (late pandemic) eras. We also conducted a time series analysis from 2000-2022 allowing for change in trend at introduction of vaccines and for initiation of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Incidence declined in 2020/2021 but by the end of 2022 had begun to rapidly recover to near pre-vaccine rates. This recovery may be related to the high rates of viral activity in the winter of 2022 along with childhood vaccines being delayed during the pandemic. However, a large proportion of the IPD caused in the last quarter of 2022 was serotype 4, which has caused outbreaks in the homeless population of Calgary in the past. Further surveillance will be important to understand IPD incidence trends in the post-pandemic landscape.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.