ReviewDrugs2023
Extended and Continuous Infusion of Novel Protected β-Lactam Antibiotics: A Narrative Review.
Review in Drugs, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of meropenem-vaborbactam versus ceftazidime-avibactam in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Unusual case ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetics, safety and population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics analysis of meropenem-vaborbactam in Chinese healthy participants.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target attainment analyses as support for meropenem dosing regimens in critically ill adult and elderly patients withFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The role of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations in multidrug-resistant bacterial infections: a comprehensive meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Overcoming the drug resistance barrier: progress in fosfomycin combination therapy against multidrug-resistant pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Enough is Enough: Continuous Beta-Lactam Infusions for Treating Serious Infections.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2024Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Alone versus Ceftazidime-Avibactam Plus Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Multicentric Retrospective Study from the SUSANA Cohort.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prolonged versus intermittent β-lactam infusion in sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of intensive care · 2024Review
- Prolonged vs intermittent intravenous infusion of β-lactam antibiotics for patients with sepsis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Annals of intensive care · 2023Article
- Stability Studies of Antipseudomonal Beta Lactam Agents for Outpatient Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Real-Life Experience of Continuously Infused Ceftolozane/Tazobactam in Patients with Bronchiectasis and Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Resistance mechanisms and therapeutic strategies forTherapeutic advances in infectious diseaseReview
- Compatibility and stability of seven selected cephalosporin antibiotics during extended infusion.Science progressArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Consolidated data from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies support the administration of β-lactam antibiotics in prolonged infusion (i.e., extended or continuous) to optimize therapeutic efficacy by increasing the probability of attaining maximal bactericidal activity. This is the longest possible time during which the free drug concentrations are approximately four-fold the minimum inhibitory concentration between dosing intervals. In the context of antimicrobial stewardship strategies, achieving aggressive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic targets is an important tool in the management of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and in the attainment of mutant preventing concentrations. However, prolonged infusion remains an unexploited resource. Novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (βL/βLI) combinations (ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, and imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam) have been released in recent years to face the emerging challenge of MDR Gram-negative bacteria. Pre-clinical and real-life evidence has confirmed the promising role of prolonged infusion of these molecules in specific settings and clinical populations. In this narrative review we have summarized available pharmacological and clinical data, future perspectives, and current limitations of prolonged infusion of the novel protected β-lactams, their application in hospital settings and in the context of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.