Trial reportUpdates in surgery2023
Investigation of the optimal indocyanine green dose in real-time fluorescent cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy with an ultra-high-definition 4K fluorescent system: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Updates in surgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review on the use of artificial intelligence to identify anatomical structures during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a tool towards the future.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative analysis of indocyanine green dosages for optimal fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Computer vision augmented indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence (ICG-NIRF) signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for identification of extrahepatic biliary structures in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Advances in Indocyanine Green Near-Infrared Fluorescence for Extrahepatic Biliary Identification in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: A Narrative Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence for Automated Recognition of Hepatocystic Anatomy During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Current Evidence, Clinical Readiness, and Future Directions.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Intraoperative biliary anatomy visualization using indocyanine green fluorescence micro-dosing: a quantitative preclinical study.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Seeing beyond white light: fluorescence for safer laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
- How low can you go? Intraoperative microdosing of indocyanine green for fluorescence cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Article
- Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Navigation in Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery: Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Medical Basis for the Photoluminescence of Indocyanine Green.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided surgery in the emergency setting: the WSES international consensus position paper.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2025Article
- Real-time segmentation of biliary structure in pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Fluorescent Cholangiogram-Optimal Dose and Timing.JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic SurgeonsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the indocyanine green (ICG) dose in real-time fluorescent cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with a 4K fluorescent system. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in patients who underwent LC for treatment of cholelithiasis. Using the OptoMedic 4K fluorescent endoscopic system, we compared four different doses of ICG (1, 10, 25, and 100 µg) administered intravenously within 30 min preoperatively and evaluated the fluorescence intensity (FI) of the common bile duct and liver background and the bile-to-liver ratio (BLR) of the FI at three timepoints: before surgical dissection of the cystohepatic triangle, before clipping the cystic duct, and before closure. Forty patients were randomized into four groups, and 33 patients were fully analyzed, with 10 patients in Group A (1 µg), 7 patients in Group B (10 µg), 9 patients in Group C (25 µg), and 7 patients in Group D (100 µg). The preoperative baseline characteristics were compared among groups (p > 0.05). Group A showed no or minimal FI in the bile duct and liver background, while Group D showed extremely high FIs in the bile duct and in the liver background at the three timepoints. Groups B and C presented with visible FI in the bile duct and low FI in the liver background. With increasing ICG doses, the FIs in the liver background and bile duct gradually increased at the three timepoints. The BLR, however, showed no increasing trend with an increasing ICG dose. A relatively high BLR on average was found in Group B, without a significant difference compared to the other groups (p > 0.05). An ICG dose ranging from 10 to 25 µg by intravenous administration within 30 min preoperatively was appropriate for real-time fluorescent cholangiography in LC with a 4K fluorescent system. Registration: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR No: ChiCTR2200064726).
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