ArticleJournal of gastroenterology2023
Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of pneumonia: a self-controlled case series study.
Article in Journal of gastroenterology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with increased complications compared to H2-receptor antagonists following multi-level lumbar fusion: a retrospective cohort study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Rethinking proton pump inhibitor deprescribing: from tapering strategies to patient-centered management.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Comparative risk of pneumonia and acute exacerbation between P-CAB and PPI use in patients with COPD and GERD.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Prediction model for pulmonary infection risk in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and optimization of nursing intervention strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Prophylactic Proton Pump Inhibitors in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Invasive Ventilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.Critical care research and practice · 2026Article
- Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Older Adult Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Clinical Risks and Best Practices.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Following Esophageal Variceal Ligation and Its Impact on Clinical Outcomes: Real-World Data from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal prevalence and co-carriage of pathogens associated with nursing home acquired pneumonia in three long-term care facilities.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- PPI in preventing gastrointestinal injury in minor ischemic stroke or TIA patients at low risk of gastrointestinal bleeding treated with short-term dual antiplatelet therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Factors Associated with Hospitalized Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Elderly Patients Receiving Home-Based Care.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Risk of pneumonia associated with proton pump inhibitor use.Journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Effect of Omeprazole on Esophageal Microbiota in Dogs Detected Using a Minimally Invasive Sampling Method.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent research indicates that use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is associated with pneumonia, but existing evidence is inconclusive because of methodological issues. This study aimed to answer whether PPI-use increases risk of pneumonia while taking the methodological concerns of previous research into account.
methodsThis population-based and nationwide Swedish study conducted in 2005-2019 used a self-controlled case series design. Data came from national registries for medications, diagnoses, and mortality. Conditional fixed-effect Poisson regression provided incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pneumonia comparing PPI-exposed periods with unexposed periods in the same individuals, thus controlling for confounding. Analyses were stratified by PPI-treatment duration, sex, age, and smoking-related diseases. Use of histamine type-2 receptor antagonists (used for the same indications as PPIs) and risk of pneumonia was analysed for assessing the validity and specificity of the results for PPI-therapy and pneumonia.
resultsAmong 519,152 patients with at least one pneumonia episode during the study period, 307,709 periods of PPI-treatment occurred. PPI-use was followed by an overall 73% increased risk of pneumonia (IRR 1.73, 95% CI 1.71-1.75). The IRRs were increased across strata of PPI-treatment duration, sex, age, and smoking-related disease status. No such strong association was found between histamine type-2 receptor antagonist use and risk of pneumonia (IRR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14).
conclusionsPPI-use seems to be associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. This finding highlights a need for caution in using PPIs in individuals with a history of pneumonia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.