Observational studyIndian journal of pharmacology
A clinical study on the pattern of antimicrobial drug use and drug resistance in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital.
Observational study in Indian journal of pharmacology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-effectiveness of ceftolozane/tazobactam compared to meropenem in ventilator-associated pneumonia.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2025Article
- Targeted next-generation sequencing for antimicrobial resistance detection in ventilator-associated pneumonia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) develops nearly in about one-third of the patients, 48 h after receiving mechanical ventilation. Common pathogens are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp. and Enterococcus spp. including multidrug-resistant pathogens.
aimThe study aims to assess the pattern of antimicrobial drug use in VAP and to assess the etiological organisms and their drug sensitivity and resistance pattern. SETTINGS AND
designStudy participants admitted to Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, and who developed VAP were included in this prospective observational study. SUBJECTS AND
methodsBronchial secretions were subjected to microbiological analysis. The etiological organisms, their drug sensitivity and resistance pattern, and the outcome of drug therapy were recorded. The clinical course of the study participants was monitored till either the resolution of pneumonia or the demise of the participant. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Qualitative data were analyzed using the Chi-square test or Fischer's exact test and quantitative data using the independent t-test.
resultsEarly VAP was seen in 91.7% and late VAP in 8.3% of the participants. The organisms isolated were S. aureus, Enterococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Majority of the study participants with early VAP (75%, n = 41) completely recovered from pneumonia and 80%, n = 4 participants with late VAP recovered completely.
conclusionThe organisms had a varied sensitivity and resistance pattern. The clinical outcome was multifactorial and its association with specific antimicrobial agents cannot be drawn.
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