ReviewClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology2023
Cosmetic Surgery and the Diversity of Cultural and Ethnic Perceptions of Facial, Breast, and Gluteal Aesthetics in Women: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Nasal Aesthetic Preferences Across Populations: A Systematic Review of Cultural, Ethnic, and Generational Trends.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2026Pooled it
- Psychological Disorder and Patient Satisfaction in Aesthetic Surgery-A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Patient-Reported Outcomes After Treatment With OnabotulinumtoxinA for Platysma Prominence: Results From a Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Trial
- Clinical and Psychological Impacts of Social Media and Filtered Self-Images on Body Image Perception and Patient Satisfaction Following Aesthetic Procedures Among Jordanian Women: A Cross Sectional Study.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Aesthetic surgery in Ghana: A one-year retrospective case series of procedures and patient profiles in a tertiary hospital.JPRAS open · 2026Article
- Kintsugi and Wabi-Sabi: Reframing Aesthetic Surgery as the Art of Golden Repair.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Training AI Models for Aesthetic Facial Evaluation: Focused Review and Framework to Mitigate Homogenizing Bias.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Review
- Skin tones and stereotypes: racial inequity in medical beauty norms.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- The Rise of Intelligent Plastic Surgery: A 10-Year Bibliometric Journey Through AI Applications, Challenges, and Transformative Potential.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Are Psychopathological Disorders More Prevalent in Patients Seeking Minimally Invasive Cosmetic Procedures? A Case-Control Study.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2026Article
- Psychological Disorders Are a Non-negligible Factor in Medical Aesthetic Disputes.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Public Awareness and Perceptions Toward Cosmetic Stature Lengthening: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Review
- BOTME Study: A National e-Delphi Study on the Use of Botulinum Toxin for Aesthetic Treatment of Middle Easterners.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Shifting Goals in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Eurocentric Ideals, Ethnic Background, and Cultural Identity.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- German Translation and Validation of the FACE-Q Nose and Nostrils Subscales.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Revealing the Perfect Smile: How Philtrum Length Shapes Lip Beauty.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Patient Factors That Impact FACE-Q Aesthetics Outcomes: An Exploratory Cross-sectional Regression Analysis.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2025Article
- Anatomical Considerations for Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection for Breast Augmentation in Young Female Patients.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- To Post or not to Post? That is the Question. Relationship between Selfie Behavior and Cosmetic Surgery Attitude among Chinese Young Adult Women: Mediation of Negative Physical Self.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An increasing number of people are opting for cosmetic surgeries. For many years, the physical and aesthetic appearance of Caucasians has been considered to be ideal. However, it is now commonly acknowledged that attractiveness and aesthetic standards vary among cultural backgrounds and ethnic groups and that Western attractiveness criteria no longer apply to all. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive review of studies that examined cultural and ethnic variations in preferences for facial, breast, and gluteal aesthetics, as well as reviewed studies that investigated ethnic disparities in attitudes and motivations for cosmetic surgery. A total of 4532 references were identified, 66 of which met the inclusion criteria. Several studies have reported that facial golden ratios are invalid for representing perceived attractiveness standards among different ethnicities. The majority of studies also indicated that facial aesthetic interventions should not aim to Westernize but to optimize ethnic traits. Significant ethnic differences in preferences for upper- and lower-pole breast proportions have been reported. The size of the buttocks and waist-to-hip ratio were identified as the main factors of buttock aesthetics, with buttock size preferences having a high ethnic diversity. Interest in cosmetic surgical procedures while maintaining ethnic identity continues to grow among young women worldwide. This comprehensive review strongly suggests that accommodating cultural and ethnic differences in aesthetic standards in cosmetic surgery planning can lead to more acceptable cosmetic outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.