ArticleMicrosystems & nanoengineering2023
Hydrogel electrodes with conductive and substrate-adhesive layers for noninvasive long-term EEG acquisition.
Article in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Skin-attached bioadhesive patch enabling ultrasound deep brain stimulation and real-time electrophysiological monitoring for REM sleep enhancement.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Highly stretchable, hair-compatible multichannel neural interface with time-stable hydrogel for high-fidelity long-term EEG sensing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Ultrasoft, adhesive, pH-tunable hydrogel based on in situ functionalized laser-induced graphene for through-hair concurrent biosensing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Motion Neural Monitoring Based on Flexible Materials: From Signal Acquisition to Training Enhancement.ACS omega · 2026Review
- A symbiotic skin hydrogel interface enabled by flexible hydrogel network with embedded enhancement structure.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Convergence of Soft Electronics and Artificial Intelligence: From Materials to Intelligent Systems.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Machine-Learning-Enabled Hydrogel Biosensors for Wearable Health Monitoring.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Conductive Hydrogel-Enabled Electrode for Scalp Electroencephalography Monitoring.Small methods · 2026Review
- S2, S3, and S4 Sacral Dermatomal Evoked Potentials: Technical Parameters and Normative Values.Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society · 2026Article
- Systematic Benchmarking of a Noise-Tolerant Conductive Hydrogel Electrode for Epidermal Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bioinspired Cold-Laminated Ultrathin Hydrogels as a Broadly Adaptive Platform for Physiological Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Advancing Dry Electroencephalography With Scalable, Soft, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Compatible TiAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Microfiber-Reinforced Janus Hydrogel E-Skin With Recyclable Feature for Multimodal Sensing and Gender-Specific Physiological Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- PEDOT:PSS-A Key Material for Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Profiled Wet Spinning of Polyurethane Composites for Soft Dry Electrodes in Transcutaneous Stimulation Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Non-Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: Converging Frontiers in Neural Signal Decoding and Flexible Bioelectronics Integration.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Antifouling All-Polymeric Microneedle Array for Long-Term Wearable ECG Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Hydrogels in Neurological Disorders: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Skin-Conformal Hydrogel-Based Electroencephalography Electrodes with Surfactant-Reorganized PEDOT:PSS.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Soft, breathable, and recyclable MXene fabrics for wearable electrophysiological recordings.Materials horizons · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Noninvasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) show great potential in applications including sleep monitoring, fatigue alerts, neurofeedback training, etc. While noninvasive BCIs do not impose any procedural risk to users (as opposed to invasive BCIs), the acquisition of high-quality electroencephalograms (EEGs) in the long term has been challenging due to the limitations of current electrodes. Herein, we developed a semidry double-layer hydrogel electrode that not only records EEG signals at a resolution comparable to that of wet electrodes but is also able to withstand up to 12 h of continuous EEG acquisition. The electrode comprises dual hydrogel layers: a conductive layer that features high conductivity, low skin-contact impedance, and high robustness; and an adhesive layer that can bond to glass or plastic substrates to reduce motion artifacts in wearing conditions. Water retention in the hydrogel is stable, and the measured skin-contact impedance of the hydrogel electrode is comparable to that of wet electrodes (conductive paste) and drastically lower than that of dry electrodes (metal pin). Cytotoxicity and skin irritation tests show that the hydrogel electrode has excellent biocompatibility. Finally, the developed hydrogel electrode was evaluated in both N170 and P300 event-related potential (ERP) tests on human volunteers. The hydrogel electrode captured the expected ERP waveforms in both the N170 and P300 tests, showing similarities in the waveforms generated by wet electrodes. In contrast, dry electrodes fail to detect the triggered potential due to low signal quality. In addition, our hydrogel electrode can acquire EEG for up to 12 h and is ready for recycled use (7-day tests). Altogether, the results suggest that our semidry double-layer hydrogel electrodes are able to detect ERPs in the long term in an easy-to-use fashion, potentially opening up numerous applications in real-life scenarios for noninvasive BCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.