ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Machine learning analysis of humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Respond to SARS-CoV-2 Peptides and Exhibit Altered T-Cell Regulatory Capacity.Cells · 2026Article
- Machine learning approaches to dissect hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Distinct HLA Haplotypes Are Associated With an Altered Strength of SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Responses and Unfavorable Disease Courses.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
49 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces B and T cell responses, contributing to virus neutralization. In a cohort of 2,911 young adults, we identified 65 individuals who had an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized their humoral and T cell responses to the Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N) and Membrane (M) proteins. We found that previous infection induced CD4 T cells that vigorously responded to pools of peptides derived from the S and N proteins. By using statistical and machine learning models, we observed that the T cell response highly correlated with a compound titer of antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), S and N. However, while serum antibodies decayed over time, the cellular phenotype of these individuals remained stable over four months. Our computational analysis demonstrates that in young adults, asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections can induce robust and long-lasting CD4 T cell responses that exhibit slower decays than antibody titers. These observations imply that next-generation COVID-19 vaccines should be designed to induce stronger cellular responses to sustain the generation of potent neutralizing antibodies.
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