ReviewTobacco induced diseases2023
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and non-syndromic orofacial cleft: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Tobacco induced diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Secondhand smoke exposure and human health: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Deciphering epigenetic regulation in cardiac developmental toxicity: Mechanisms and implications (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- A Population-Based Study of U.S. Trends in Selected Congenital Anomalies (2016-2023) and Socio-Demographic Disparities: A CDC WONDER Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluating Differences in Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts by Infant Sex: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.The Journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- The impact of maternal stress on non-syndromic clefts: a retrospective case-control study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025Article
- 5'tiRNA-35-GlyTCC-3 and 5'tiRNA-33-CysGCA-11 target BMP6, CUL1 and SPR of non-syndromic cleft palate.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Burden of orofacial clefts from 1990-2021 at global, regional, and national levels.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccine and non-syndromic orofacial clefts in five arab countries. A case-control study.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Integrated mRNA- and miRNA-sequencing analyses unveil the underlying mechanism of tobacco pollutant-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Association between exposure to environmental pollutants and increased oral health risks, a comprehensive review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- US air pollution is associated with increased incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip/palate.Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with several congenital anomalies, including non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs). This systematic review aimed to update the literature on the association between ETS and NSOFCs.
methodsFour databases were searched up to March 2022, and studies that evaluated the association between ETS and NSOFCs were selected. Two authors selected the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias. Comparing the association of maternal exposure to ETS and active parental smoking with NSOFCs allowed for the creation of pooled effect estimates for the included studies.
resultsTwenty-six studies were deemed eligible for this review, of which 14 were reported in a previous systematic review. Twenty five were case-control studies, and one was a cohort study. In total, these studies included 2142 NSOFC cases compared to 118129 controls. All meta-analyses showed an association between ETS and the risk of having a child with NSOFC, based on the cleft phenotype, risk of bias, and year of publication, with a pooled increased odds ratio of 1.80 (95% CI: 1.51-2.15). These studies had a marked heterogeneity, which decreased upon subgrouping based on the recent year of publication and the risk of bias.
conclusionsETS exposure was associated with more than a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of having a child with NSOFC, showing a higher odds ratio than paternal and maternal active smoking.
trial registrationThe study is registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database # CRD42021272909.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.