Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37312989›Full record

ReviewRSC advances2023

Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment: efficient and low-cost removal approaches to eliminate their toxicity: a review.

Kosar Hikmat Hama Aziz, Fryad S Mustafa, Khalid M Omer, Sarkawt Hama, Rebaz Fayaq Hamarawf, Kaiwan Othman Rahman

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in RSC advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
118citing papers in PubMed
53.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

118 citing papers in PubMed, 734 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Assessing ZnScientific reports · 2026
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58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kosar Hikmat Hama AzizDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq kosar.hamaaziz@univsul.edu.iq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-7534
Fryad S MustafaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq kosar.hamaaziz@univsul.edu.iq.
Khalid M OmerDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq kosar.hamaaziz@univsul.edu.iq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4116
Sarkawt HamaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq kosar.hamaaziz@univsul.edu.iq.
Rebaz Fayaq HamarawfDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq kosar.hamaaziz@univsul.edu.iq.
Kaiwan Othman RahmanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq kosar.hamaaziz@univsul.edu.iq.
University of Sulaimani · IQCihan University-Erbil · IQKurdistan Regional Government · IQ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination of water sources has emerged as a major global environmental concern, threatening both aquatic ecosystems and human health. Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment is on the rise due to industrialization, climate change, and urbanization. Sources of pollution include mining waste, landfill leachates, municipal and industrial wastewater, urban runoff, and natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, weathering, and rock abrasion. Heavy metal ions are toxic, potentially carcinogenic, and can bioaccumulate in biological systems. Heavy metals can cause harm to various organs, including the neurological system, liver, lungs, kidneys, stomach, skin, and reproductive systems, even at low exposure levels. Efforts to find efficient methods to remove heavy metals from wastewater have increased in recent years. Although some approaches can effectively remove heavy metal contaminants, their high preparation and usage costs may limit their practical applications. Many review articles have been published on the toxicity and treatment methods for removing heavy metals from wastewater. This review focuses on the main sources of heavy metal pollution, their biological and chemical transformation, toxicological impacts on the environment, and harmful effects on the ecosystem. It also examines recent advances in cost-effective and efficient techniques for removing heavy metals from wastewater, such as physicochemical adsorption using biochar and natural zeolite ion exchangers, as well as decomposition of heavy metal complexes through advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Finally, the advantages, practical applications, and future potential of these techniques are discussed, along with any challenges and limitations that must be considered.

Identifiers

PMID37312989
PMCPMC10258679
OpenAlexW4380355174

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.