SynthesisBMC anesthesiology2023
Efficacy and safety of esketamine for sedation among patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC anesthesiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative safety of esketamine in procedural sedation and analgesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- Adjunctive esketamine in propofol-based sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Intravenous esketamine as an adjuvant for sedation/analgesia outside the operating room: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of esketamine for pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Median effective dose (EDBMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Effect of a Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine on Postoperative Sleep Disturbance After Oocyte Retrieval Under Intravenous Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Low-dose esketamine combined with propofol versus fentanyl-propofol for preventing hypoxemia during gastroscopy sedation in high-altitude residents: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of esketamine combined with propofol for curative endoscopic resection in colorectum: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Comparative Analysis of Hemodynamic Effects of Remimazolam and Propofol Combined with Esketamine in Colonoscopic Procedures in the Elderly.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- A comprehensive review of the clinical progress of esketamine: From anesthesia to antidepressant therapy.Medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical applications of esketamine: Current status and future perspectives.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Review
- Progress in the Application of Esketamine During the Perioperative Period.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Lung-protective effects of esketamine in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Pharmacological agents for procedural sedation and analgesia in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Effect of a subanesthetic dose of esketamine combined with propofol on postoperative fatigue syndrome in patients undergoing gastroenterological endoscopy under anaesthesia: A retrospective study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients who undergo gastrointestinal endoscopy often require propofol-based sedation combined with analgesics. At present, the efficacy and safety of esketamine as an adjunct to propofol for sedation during endoscopic procedures in patients remains controversial. Moreover, there is no universal agreement regarding the appropriate dose of esketamine supplementation. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of esketamine as an adjunct to propofol for sedation during endoscopic procedures in patients.
methodsSeven electronic databases and three clinical trial registry platforms were searched and the deadline was February 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of esketamine for sedation were included by two reviewers. Data from the eligible studies were combined to calculate the pooled risk ratio or standardized mean difference.
resultsEighteen studies with 1962 esketamine participants were included in the analysis. As an adjunct to propofol, the administration of esketamine reduced the recovery time compared to normal saline (NS). However, there was no significant difference between the opioids group and ketamine group. For propofol dosage, the administration of esketamine required a lower propofol dosage compared to the NS group and opioids group].For complications, the esketamine group had fewer complications compared to the NS group and opioid group in patients, but there were no significant differences between the esketamine group and ketamine group. Notably, the coadministration of esketamine was associated with a higher risk of visual disturbance compared to the NS group. In addition, we used subgroup analysis to investigate whether 0.2-0.5 mg/kg esketamine was effective and tolerable for patients.
conclusionEsketamine as an adjunct to propofol, is an appropriate effective alternative for sedation in participants undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, considering the possibility of its psychotomimetic effects, esketamine should be used with caution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.