Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37312017›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2023

How does women's empowerment relate to antenatal care attendance? A cross-sectional analysis among rural women in Bangladesh.

Solis Winters, Helen O Pitchik, Fahmida Akter, Farzana Yeasmin, Tania Jahir, Tarique Md Nurul Huda, Mahbubur Rahman, Peter J Winch, Stephen P Luby, Lia C H Fernald

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04111016 (Exploring the Feasibility of Implementing an Integrated Nutrition, Early Childhood Development and WASH), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04111016 completednot on this map

Exploring the Feasibility of Implementing an Integrated Nutrition, Early Childhood Development and WASH (RINEW) Intervention Through the Government Health System: A Pilot Study

TypeobservationalSponsorStanford UniversityRan2019 to 2020Enrolled2,823ConditionsEarly Childhood DevelopmentArmsIntegrated child stimulation, nutrition, lead, arsenic, WASH intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Solis WintersSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. solis_winters@berkeley.edu.
Helen O PitchikSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
Fahmida AkterEnvironmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
Farzana YeasminEnvironmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
Tania JahirCollege of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Tarique Md Nurul HudaEnvironmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
Mahbubur RahmanEnvironmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
Peter J WinchDepartment of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Stephen P LubyDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Lia C H FernaldSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research · BDUniversity of California, Berkeley · USJohns Hopkins University · USOllscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway · IESaudi Electronic University · SAStanford University · US

Funding

INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING IN DEMOGRAPHYT32HD007275 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI FEEHAN, DENNIS MICHAEL · 1985 to 2025
$5.3M
Computational Social Science Training ProgramT32HD101364 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI Jennifer Ahern, PATRICK T BRADSHAW · 2020 to 2026
$1.7M
NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD007275NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD101364
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn South Asia, roughly half of women attend at least four antenatal care visits with skilled health personnel, the minimum number recommended by the World Health Organization for optimal birth outcomes. A much greater proportion of women attend at least one antenatal care visit, suggesting that a key challenge is ensuring that women initiate antenatal care early in pregnancy and continue to attend after their first visit. One critical barrier to antenatal care attendance may be that women do not have sufficient power in their relationships, households, or communities to attend antenatal care when they want to. The main goals of this paper were to 1) understand the potential effects of intervening on direct measures of women's empowerment-including household decision making, freedom of movement, and control over assets-on antenatal care attendance in a rural population of women in Bangladesh, and 2) examine whether differential associations exist across strata of socioeconomic status.

methodsWe analyzed data on 1609 mothers with children under 24 months old in rural Bangladesh and employed targeted maximum likelihood estimation with ensemble machine learning to estimate population average treatment effects.

resultsGreater women's empowerment was associated with an increased number of antenatal care visits. Specifically, among women who attended at least one antenatal care visit, having high empowerment was associated with a greater probability of ≥ 4 antenatal care visits, both in comparison to low empowerment (15.2 pp, 95% CI: 6.0, 24.4) and medium empowerment (9.1 pp, 95% CI: 2.5, 15.7). The subscales of women's empowerment driving the associations were women's decision-making power and control over assets. We found that greater women's empowerment is associated with more antenatal care visits regardless of socioeconomic status.

conclusionsEmpowerment-based interventions, particularly those targeting women's involvement in household decisions and/or facilitating greater control over assets, may be a valuable strategy for increasing antenatal care attendance.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04111016, Date First Registered: 01/10/2019.

Indexed as

Prenatal CareRural PopulationAsia, SouthernBangladeshChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansPregnancyAntenatal careBangladeshControl over assetsDecision-making powerFreedom of movementLow- and middle- income countriesMaternal and child healthPregnancyWomen’s empowerment

Identifiers

PMID37312017
PMCPMC10262442
OpenAlexW4380576900

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.